| 摘要: |
| 居住区环境是城市生态网络及社区生活圈高质量建设的重要基础，是城市生活高占比空间，对居民身心健康具有重要的调节作用。通过多源城市数据和
调研筛选出南京典型居住区，基于压力人群的行为偏好筛选出典型空间，并通过问卷和生理测量探索典型空间的恢复性效益。结果表明：1)典型空间的恢复性关
系：可休憩空间>可运动空间>可集散空间；2)绿视率与典型空间的恢复性呈弱相关；3)服务性、功能性设施都是积极要素；近景、远景植物在不同典型空间中具
有不同恢复性影响；住宅建筑和亭子在可休憩空间是积极要素，而住宅建筑在可运动和可集散空间是消极要素；铺装材质的恢复性影响在不同空间中有差异。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 居住区 恢复性 压力 生理 眼动仪 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.02.0123 |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-21修订日期：2024-04-23 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52378046) |
|
| A Study on the Restorative Benefits of Residential Environment Based on Physiological Data: A CaseStudy of Typical Residential Areas in Nanjing City |
| DAI Weiwei,,PENG Bingcong,,CHEN Ye* |
| Abstract: |
| The mental stress of urban residents has become one of the foremost health
challenges in modern society. Prolonged exposure to low-quality built environments
can lead to varying degrees of mental stress. The residential environment, which
occupies about 40% of urban areas, is not only crucial for urban ecological networks
and community living, but also the space type that residents most frequently
encounter, and significantly influences residents' physical and mental health.
However, due to its semi-public and semi-private attributes, it is often ignored in
China's general trend of urban stock renewal. To explore the restorative benefits of the
residential environment from the perspective of visual perception, the main research
objectives are as follows: 1) Identify Nanjing's typical residential areas based on
urban data and surveys, and then select typical restorative space types in residential
areas according to mentally stressed residents' behavioral preferences. 2) Analyze
the restorative characteristics and intensity of typical spatial types in residential areas
and the landscape elements' restorative effects. 3) Explore the convergence between
the restorative environment and the crowd's stress-reducing behavior, put forward
design suggestions to enhance the residential environment' restoration, and provide
theoretical support for the design. Firstly, combined with multi-source urban data
and surveys, typical residential areas in Nanjing's central urban area were selected
according to the following principles: 1) The residential area is of sufficient scale
to meet the requirements of a total floor area of 200,000 m2 or more and a land area
of 10 hm2 or more. 2) Public blue-green spaces around residential areas that are
not accessible within 2 levels of commuting 15 minutes or 5-10 minutes. 3) The
residential environment is in favorable condition. 4) The residential areas contain rich
activity space types and diverse crowd types. 5) The residential areas are relatively
close to each other to enable comparison under relatively consistent environmental
conditions. Finally, three residential areas were selected that all met the above
principles, but also had stepped differences in construction age, floor area ratio, and
housing prices. Secondly, the target mentally stressed groups were selected through
questionnaires and surveys. The questionnaire includes basic personal information,
stress level [Perceptual Recovery Scale (PSS-10)], depression level [Patient Health
Scale (PHQ-9)], and anxiety level [Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)]. Finally, 48
high-stress residents (accounting for 32.02%), 87 medium-stress residents (accounting
for 42.48%), and 66 low-stress residents (accounting for 25.50%) were selected.
Finally, a second questionnaire targeting 135 residents experiencing medium to high
levels of stress was conducted, and three space types were selected as research objects
based on their stress-relief strategies and preferred activity spaces, including spaces
for relaxation, physical activity, and socializing. In the experiment, 126 participants,
including local and non-local residents, were recruited. Panoramic photos of three
types of typical spaces in three residential areas were used as visual stimulus materials
to conduct experiments in the lab. The experimental process consisted of five stages:
preparation, participant relaxation, stress induction, viewing images of residential
spaces, and post-experiment interviews and questionnaires. During the experiment,
subjective data on the perceived restorative effects of these spaces were collected
through a questionnaire that included personal basic information, stress status, and
the Chinese version of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale. Physiological data such
as Skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured
using the PhysioLAB wireless physiological recorder. Eye-tracking data (total fixation
duration, number of fixations, first fixation time, and first fixation duration) and
an indicator of psychological load (pupil diameter) were obtained using Tobii Pro
Glasses 2. The subjective and objective data were ultimately integrated for statistical
analysis, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Findings suggest: 1) Based
on the comprehensive subjective and objective evaluation, relaxation spaces offer
the best restorative benefits in the three space types. In contrast, physical activity
space offers greater restorative benefits than socializing space. From a subjective
perspective, analyzing the four dimensions of the PRS-being away, fascination,
extent, and compatibility - revealed that fascination was perceived as the weakest
across all space types, with socializing spaces having the poorest fascination
perception. From an objective perspective, objective physiological indicators partially
reflected the restorative benefits perceived subjectively, with variations in the degree
of correspondence. SCL measurements aligned with subjective perceptions, whereas
HRV showed slight discrepancies. 2) Despite the extensive evidence supporting
the stress-relief benefits of green environments, this study found only a weak
correlation between green view rates and restorative benefits. 3) The study also
observed that landscape elements have varying impacts across different spaces and
that individual perceptions differ. While landscape elements can serve as preliminary
mediums to analyze environmental attractiveness, their restorative effects should
be discussed within specific space types due to the complexity of visual perception
systems constructed by element combinations. Service and functional facilities were
consistently positive elements across all space types, quickly attracting attention and
interest. In line with previous research, vegetation exhibited strong appeal in all space
types, though near and distant vegetation had different restorative effects depending
on the space types. In socializing spaces, near vegetation was a negative element,
while distant vegetation was positive; in relaxation and physical activity spaces,
near vegetation was beneficial. Residential buildings and pavilions positively impact
relaxation spaces, but negatively affect spaces for physical activity and socializing.
The restorative effects of different paving materials vary depending on the type of
space. |
| Key words: landscape architecture residential environment restorative stress physiology eye tracker |
