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协同城市创新的公园地方性建构——以深圳湾公园计划实践为例
王世福,李颖怡*,邓昭华
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作者简介:王世福 1972年生/男/福建福州人/华南理工大学建筑学院副院长,教 授,博士生导师/亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室/研究方 向为城市设计(广州 510640)
摘要:
在全球化与城镇化背景下,公园地方性是在协同城市创新发展过程中,基于自然演化与人文活动,不断迭代重构形成的独特在地属性。通过提出“公园 地方性”概念及创新协同机制,并以深圳湾公园计划作为实证,为协同城市创新的公园地方适应性演化与重构提供理论与实践启示。理论方面,以地方理论的3种 研究视角为基础,提出公园地方实践(景观表征)、再现地方(社会建构)与地方再现(场景活力)的“三元地方性”研究框架;基于公园是城市创新生态系统的重要 组成部分,论述“环境-主体-需求”的创新驱动作用、“内部-边界-外部”联动的创新空间网络、“空间-治理-文化”的要素系统创新和“区域(城市)-社区-场 地”的多尺度地方性传导体系。实证方面,阐释深圳湾公园计划的创新实践,总结环深圳湾大公园系统和红树林湿地保护利用的2个公园案例——华侨城国家湿地 公园和福田红树林生态公园的地方性建构路径。最后进行总结与思考,指出协同创新是公园未来发展的必然趋势与动力来源,空间、治理和文化的协同创新决定 着公园地方性的根本属性;未来公园地方性建构的发展趋势是融合地域自然文化、社会需求与地方感知的景观空间实践;建立社会参与、科学完善和智慧高效的 公园治理体系;构建生态持续、地方特色和多元活力的公园文化体系。
关键词:  风景园林  公园地方性  协同  城市创新  深圳湾
DOI:10.19775/j.cla.2025.07.0021
投稿时间:2025-03-03修订日期:2025-03-21
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478051)
The Locality Construction of Parks in Collaboration with Urban Innovation: Taking the Practice of theShenzhen Bay Park Projects as an Example
WANG Shifu,,LI Yingyi*,,DENG Zhaohua
Abstract:
Under the background of globalization and urbanization, the locality of parks is a unique local attribute formed through continuous iteration and reconstruction based on natural evolution and human activities in the process of collaborative urban innovative development. This paper proposes the concept of "park locality" and an innovative collaborative mechanism and takes the Shenzhen Bay Park Project as an empirical study to provide theoretical and practical inspirations for the adaptive evolution and reconstruction of park locality in collaborative urban innovation. In terms of theory, based on the three research perspectives of local theory, from the perspective of natural geography to ecological cultural landscape, from the perspective of social construction to the perspective of network theory, and from the perspective of local perception to the perspective of scene experience, the "ternary dialectics" of spatial production theory is used as the ideological basis to relate to the locality of the park. The "ternary locality" research framework of park local practice (landscape representation), representations of locality (social construction), and locality of representations (scene vitality) is proposed. The "ternary locality" is both independent of each other and interconnected and interpenetrating. They exist in one space and their relationships are defined through methods such as echo, reflection, and mirror image. Since parks are an important component of the urban innovation ecosystem, the synergy of "urban innovation-local construction" in parks is reflected in the innovation network and action process. The locality is constructed through the innovation-driven approach of "environmentsubject- demand", the spatial synergy of "internal-boundary-external" linkage, the systematic matching of "space-governance-culture", and the multi-scale transmission of "region (city)-community-site". Urban innovation collaboration emphasizes the realization of mutually beneficial knowledge sharing among various innovation elements, the optimal allocation of resources, the optimal synchronization of actions, and the interaction among the regional allocation of systems, realizes the innovative process from communication, coordination, cooperation, and synergy, achieves the innovative goals of enhancing the governance capacity of parks, improves the supply of park services and promots the sustainable development of the economy and society. In terms of empirical evidence, the paper explains the innovative practice of the Shenzhen Bay Park Project and summarizes the local construction paths of two park cases, namely the large park system around Shenzhen Bay and the protection and utilization of mangrove wetlands. The article points out that the Shenzhen Bay Park Project practices the local cultural genes of "non-consensus innovation" and "wetland effect", and constructs a regional green infrastructure system from protection to development and from point to surface. The Shenzhen Bay Grand Park System builds local characteristics through the innovation of park spaces in harmony with nature, the innovation of park governance empowered by social participation and technological creativity, and the innovation of park culture where ecological culture and local culture coexist and thrive. Oct National Wetland Park is the first urban park in China to implement the management model of "governmentled, enterprise management and public participation". It proposed the innovative concept of establishing the "first nature education school" in the country and the "Three Ones" management model for the park. The Mangrove Ecological Park is the first urban park in China to be managed by a local environmental protection public fundraising foundation (Mangrove Foundation MCF). The paper proposes the "Shenzhen Bay Model of Socialized Participation in Biodiversity Conservation". The park development model of Shenzhen Bay has achieved a win-win situation of ecological environment protection and high-quality economic development and has influenced many cities at home and abroad. The park practice has broadened and deepened the understanding of the local area. In the future, Shenzhen Bay will strengthen cross-border cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and establish a large park system jointly built by Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The development trend of local construction of parks is the practice of landscape space that integrates regional natural culture, social demands, and local perception, establishing a park governance system with social participation, scientific improvement, and intelligent efficiency, and building a park cultural system that is ecologically sustainable, local characteristic, diverse, and dynamic.
Key words:  landscape architecture  locality of park  collaboration  urban innovation  Shenzhen Bay

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