摘要: |
:将研究时间定位于新石器时代至晚商,该时段仅占史前文明的1%,却是极富爆发力、遗址遗物最多且在中国风景园林史学研究中相对薄弱的时期;
研究空间所定之江汉平原是长江中游文明的摇篮,其独特的区位、久远而持续的人居历史使其成为反映宜居地方性肇始的极佳窗口。以约翰·阿格纽(John
Agnew)的地方三元结构理论为支撑,聚焦于3个方面:1)从史前江汉平原城址与聚落的地理位置、环境条件和相互关系探讨其区位的宜居地方性;2)从史前重点
场所识别、时空演化和重点场所个案探讨其场所的宜居地方性;3)从城壕聚落营造、仪典和生活场景,以及植物环境等探讨其空间的地方感。当前,中国风景园
林领域立足史前开展宜居地方性的研究并不多见,故研究成果对丰富宜居地方性研究、弥补史前江汉平原风景园林发展研究的不足有重要意义,并对景观考古研
究中结合运用ArcGIS多功能模块具有技术拓展价值。 |
关键词: 风景园林 宜居地方性 地方三元结构 史前城址与聚落 江汉平原 景观考古 |
DOI:10.19775/j.cla.2025.07.0030 |
投稿时间:2025-03-27修订日期:2025-04-10 |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178038);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52008177) |
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Exploring the Livable Locality of Prehistoric Human Settlements in the Jianghan Plain |
WAN Min,QIN Fanfan,YANG Zhiqian,SU Xinyi,LEI Jingjing* |
Abstract: |
The research period is set at the Neolithic Age to the late Shang
Dynasty, approximately 3,300 to 10,000 years ago. This period accounts for
only 1% of prehistoric civilization, but it is a highly explosive era in human's long
childhood, with the most sites and artifacts, and is a relatively underexplored
area in the history of Chinese landscape architecture. The research space
is focused on the Jianghan Plain, the cradle of the middle reaches of the
Yangtze River civilization. As a region that closely connects the middle and
lower reaches of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of the Huai River, it
is a significant witness to the multi-integrated development pattern of Chinese
civilization. Its unique location and long-term human settlement make it an
excellent window to reflect the origin of place-based livability. This article is
supported by Agnew's Triadic Theory of Place, focusing on three dimensions:
geographical location, local, and sense of place. It systematically analyzes the
livability characteristics of the prehistoric human settlements in the Jianghan
Plain. The analysis reveals that these three dimensions interact and transform
with each other, presenting a dynamic balance: 1) At the location level, based
on the geographical location, environmental conditions, and interrelationships
of prehistoric cities and settlements in the Jianghan Plain, it is found that in
terms of macro geographical location, the prehistoric human settlements in the
Jianghan Plain have strategic advantages such as "two lakes as one, northsouth
pivot, connecting east and west, and the convergence of the Yangtze
and Han Rivers". The meso-level location pattern, relying on the natural base
of "three braided rivers and mountains, stars surrounding ancient lakes", has
formed three livability characteristics: the preference for settlement on the hills
in front of mountains, the soil support of Pleistocene sediments, and settlement
along water. 2) At the local level, by identifying key prehistoric places and their
spatio-temporal evolution, it is found that the places present important evolution
characteristics such as "the origin of the Three Gorges, the prosperity of the
Han East, the gradual shift to the east and north, and the long-term existence
of Jingzhi". Combined with the analysis of key place cases, it is concluded that
the Jingzhi settlement community has a place pattern of "one core, five points,
and multiple connections", and a phased change of "dispersed settlement
along water (Chengbeixi) → initial appearance of the core (Daxi) → highlighting
of hierarchy (Qujialing - Shijiahe) → eastward shift and reconstruction (Xia and
Shang)". 3) At the sense of place level, the prehistoric cities and settlements
in the Jianghan Plain focus on the spatial construction of moat settlements,
ritual and living places, life scenes of unearthed artifacts, and plant remains,
creating a livable space that combines safety defense, spiritual cohesion, and
material abundance, which jointly strengthens the sense of place belonging of
the community based on geographical practice and spiritual anchors. Currently,
there are few studies on livable place-based research in the field of landscape
architecture in China that are based on prehistory. Therefore, this article is of
great significance in enriching the research on livable place-based and filling the
gap in the understanding of the development of landscape architecture in the
prehistoric Jianghan Plain. The article also has technical expansion value for
landscape archaeology research by integrating the use of multiple modules of
ArcGIS. |
Key words: landscape architecture livable locality triadic structure of place prehistoric urban site and settlement Jianghan Plain landscape archaeology |