| 摘要: |
| 景观考古学作为考古学的一个重要分支，强调将考古遗址置于广阔的地理与文化脉络中加以考察，关注人类活动与自然环境之间的长期互动及其对文化
演变的塑造作用。其理论演进与多学科的研究进展相关，而纳入人文因素、强调主体经验，并确立人与自然环境的平等关系；其研究方法包括区域系统调查法、
时空数据集成分析和多学科交叉研究；其跨学科性使相关研究得以形成基于考古材料的人地关系与人类历史文化的综合认知，也同时需要面对化解学科壁垒、协
同技术平台等挑战。景观考古学对于跨区域的研究视角拓展、文化遗产保护和可持续发展具有重要作用，从而拓展对于人地关系的历史阐释，并基于文化责任面
向未来。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 景观考古学 理论演进 方法应用 学科前瞻 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.03.0024 |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-05修订日期：2025-01-05 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52478056) |
|
| Landscape Archeology: Theoretical Evolution, Methodological Applications, and DisciplinaryProspects |
| ZHAO Jijun,LIU Beilei |
| Abstract: |
| Landscape archaeology, as an interdisciplinary field, focuses on the
long-term interaction between humans and nature, emphasizing the dynamic,
continuous, and cumulative nature of landscapes. It broadens the research
scope of traditional archaeology and provides new perspectives and strategies
for the study of landscape architecture history and the preservation of cultural
heritage. The theoretical evolution of landscape archaeology has undergone
several key stages. Initially, from the 19th to the early 20th century, influenced
by the geographical turn, landscape archaeology transitioned from a natural
geographic perspective – emphasizing environmental determinism – to a human
geographic approach that underscored the significance of human agency and
cultural meaning. This shift highlighted the role of human factors in shaping
landscapes rather than viewing them as passive backdrops to human activities.
In the late 20th century, the emergence of post-processual archaeology, drawing
on sociological and philosophical theories, further enriched the discipline by
emphasizing the sociocultural dimensions of landscapes. This paradigm shift
foregrounded the role of individual experiences and subjective perceptions in the
construction and interpretation of landscapes, challenging earlier structuralist
and positivist approaches. Scholars increasingly recognized landscapes as
socially constructed and imbued with historical narratives, power dynamics,
and symbolic meanings. More recently, the rise of posthumanist and ecological
critique theories has prompted landscape archaeology to reexamine the
entanglements between humans and the non-human world. By advocating for
a decentering of the human subject, these perspectives call for a more holistic
understanding of landscape transformations, considering both biophysical
processes and non-human agencies. This ontological turn has contributed to
the diversification and deepening of landscape archaeological research, fostering
interdisciplinary dialogues and expanding the analytical frameworks used to
study the dynamic interactions between societies and their environments.
Currently, regional system surveys, spatiotemporal data integration analysis,
and interdisciplinary research have become the dominant methodologies in
landscape archaeology. Regional system surveys systematically collect and
analyze archaeological data within a given area to reveal the relationship between
human activities and landscape changes, thereby enhancing our understanding
of ancient societal and cultural evolution. With the integration of emerging
technologies, Geographic Information and Communication Technology-based
spatiotemporal data integration analysis has significantly improved the precision
and efficiency of data collection and analysis, providing strong technical
support and a comprehensive, systematic analytical framework for landscape
archaeological research. Interdisciplinary research, which combines theories
and methods from various fields such as geography, ecology, and sociology,
has led to the development of a multidimensional research framework. This
framework allows for a comprehensive analysis of landscape formation,
evolution, and its socio-cultural significance, offering a deeper understanding
of the dynamic interactions between human societies and their environments.
Through these advanced methodologies, landscape archaeology can integrate
diverse perspectives and technologies, contributing to a more holistic and
nuanced interpretation of past human-environment interactions. The research
perspective in landscape archaeology has continuously expanded, emphasizing
multi-scale and multi-dimensional integrated analysis, ranging from local
excavations to cross-regional comparisons, while deepening interdisciplinary
integration. At the same time, landscape archaeology reveals the historical
context and evolution of cultural heritage, offering new pathways for heritage
conservation through an interdisciplinary approach. Furthermore, by integrating
the cultural value of historical heritage with modern ecological needs, landscape
archaeology promotes the parallel protection of cultural sites and environmental
functions, providing practical guidance for sustainable development. This
approach fosters a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between
cultural heritage preservation and environmental sustainability, offering valuable
insights for the future of both initiatives. Landscape archaeology offers a novel
theoretical perspective for understanding the interaction between humans
and the environment, as well as the evolution of history and culture. It aligns
with landscape architecture in its focus on human-environment relationships,
advancing the study of historical landscapes and promoting the integration
of cultural heritage with contemporary life. At the same time, landscape
archaeology is expected to provide more experiences and insights for the
understanding of Chinese civilization, the construction of national identity, and
the strategies for cultural heritage preservation. |
| Key words: landscape architecture landscape archeology theoretical evolution method application subject prospects |
