| 摘要: |
| 海盐涉园在清代享有很高的评价，其文献更提供了较罕见的空间尺寸及环境信息，为准确复原其平面提供了宝贵的证据。在已有研究基础上，对史料进
一步发掘和辨析，并结合图文互证、现场调研等方法，从园址、规模、尺寸、空间结构、景致细节等方面对已有复原进行修正和完善；使其滨海借景手法和“六
兼”等营造特征得以呈现。为深入理解这一时期的造园技艺提供了更具说服力的证据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 涉园 复原 园址 规模 空间结构 营造特征 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.01.0139 |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-23修订日期：2024-01-06 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51578242) |
|
| Restudy on Layout Recovery of She Garden of Haiyan in Qing Dynasty |
| XIE Qingsong,YUAN Xiaomei*,LI Yuzhe |
| Abstract: |
| Gardens are an important part of traditional Chinese landscape culture
and a valuable artistic heritage. With the passage of time, most of the ancient
garden entities have disappeared, and only a small part of history remains.
Therefore, with the help of some surviving materials, such as prose, paintings,
poems, and other materials, the restoration of the disappeared gardens is an
important topic in the study of traditional Chinese gardens. The She Garden
in Haiyan County was one of the most prestigious private gardens in Zhejiang
Province during the Qing Dynasty, which is located outside the city by the sea,
facing the sea and enjoying the sea view. Meanwhile, there are relatively detailed
spatial dimensions and environmental information, which provide unique evidence
for restoring the space of She Garden. However, the restoration results have
not yet been sufficiently analyzed in terms of site, scale and dimension, spatial
structure, as well as landscape details, resulting in an inaccurate representation of
the construction techniques. The reason for this is that the information about this
garden had not been sufficiently explored and sorted out at that time. In response
to these problems, this paper launched a new study on the restoration of this
garden and analyzed the features of its craft on this basis. Firstly, it systematically
examined and explored a wider range of sources, including different local records
maps, diaries of celebrities, local magazines, and related garden drawings of
different periods. Then, using the image-text mutual certification and on-site
investigation methods, this paper provided richer evidence for the revision of
She Garden's site, surrounding environment, spatial structure, and details of the
garden landscape. Moreover, the spatial orientation and traveling distance of each
scene in the existing materials such as Ye Xie's "Record of She Garden" were
analyzed and sorted out more deeply. Based on the above evidence, some errors
in the current restoration results were revised, and the details of the main views
were refined as well. To be more specific, 1) its site and surrounding environment
were re-examined, confirming that the She Garden was located outside the south
of the city, and the "official river" was "Baibu Harbour" which was located in the
northern boundary outside of the garden; 2) The scale of "Xibai pool" was reidentified
and the spatial structure of the existing restored plan was modified.
The above results enable a more accurate representation of She Garden's craft
features: 1) In terms of site, She Garden was built on a site that was both within
the countryside and within the village. Therefore, the living environment was well
isolated from noisy city but convenient for traveling to and from the city. Such
living conditions were in line with the site investigation principles of the ancient
garden artwork "Yuan Ye". On the construction base of She Garden, there were
abundant water resources, plants, and other landscape resources, which made
it possible to solve some common problems, such as the difficulty in obtaining
spring water, stone, and forest trees. This was also a concentrated expression of
the idea of "selecting an appropriate site" for the construction of gardens described
in ancient books. 2) In terms of scene borrowing and layout, the idea of planning
and designing She Garden was to combine the excellent external scenic conditions
with its overall layout in a skillful manner. In the arrangement of walking routes
for tourists, people are allowed enter a narrow, winding, long valley shady path,
after a series of complex scenic spots, suddenly climb to the top of the rockery
platform, overlooking the east sea numerous scenery, eventually enabling a wide
and bright vision, which fully embodies the artistic concept of "being good at
relying on and learning from the land and grasping the benefits of the land" in
ancient garden design. 3) In terms of landscape design, with the excavation of
more historical materials, the physical and scenic details such as the texture of the
rockery in She Garden can also be further presented. Most of the rockeries in this
garden were made of a kind of yellow stone of an old and plain texture, with moss
growing on the surface of the stone, which, as explained in many ancient records,
makes the rockeries more like real and aged mountains. In conclusion, this
paper further expanded and improved the historical evidence of She Garden, and
corrected some of the errors in the existing She Garden plane restoration results,
which verified Zhang Ying's evaluation of it as "spaciousness and depth" "hills
and overlooks" and "manpower and antiquity". The craft features of She Garden
or that in this period such as "site reconnaissance" and "scene borrowing" can be
more deeply understood. |
| Key words: landscape architecture She Garden restoration site scale spatial
structure craft features |
