| 摘要: |
| 园诗、园记等文本是园林空间中相关活动的产物，园林空间则被这种文化再现赋予特定而丰富的意义蕴含。前者是“空间中的文学”，后者为“文学中
的空间”，两者互为表里。借此双重视角，考察清代文学大家袁枚女性门徒随园女弟子所作的与园林相关的诗文，追溯其中有关女性园林活动的场景片段，揭示
各种园林生活及其与园林空间的互动。及至清代，园林活动空间逐步纳入女性角色，是历史时空流变与社会文化嬗变的结果。随园女弟子则借由请业、雅集、悠
游等活动实现了开展园林活动的主体地位，建立了抒写身心的能动与自觉。同时，探索随园女弟子园林活动与园林空间及相关文本的耦合关系，亦可深化对于江
南园林时空体验中的性别内涵与女性特质的理解。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 随园女弟子 闺秀诗文 女性与园林 园林活动 袁枚 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.01.0146 |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-12修订日期：2023-12-13 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52078227) |
|
| Women's Life and Its Humanistic Construction in Jiangnan Gardens in Qing Dynasty: An AnalysisBased on the Poems and Essays of Female Disciples of Suiyuan |
| XIAO Jie,ZHAO Jijun* |
| Abstract: |
| Texts such as garden poems and garden records are products of related
activities in garden spaces, possessing the power to guide users' behaviors and
shape their ideologies. Garden spaces, in turn, are endowed with specific and rich
meanings through this cultural representation. The former can be seen as "literature
in space", while the latter is "space in literature", mutually informing each other.
Through this dual perspective, this paper examined the garden-related poems and
essays composed by the female disciples of Yuan Mei, a renowned literary figure
in the Qing Dynasty, at Suiyuan Garden, traces scenes of female garden activities,
and revealed various aspects of female garden life and their interactions with
garden spaces. During the Qing Dynasty, garden activity spaces began to include
female roles, a development influenced by historical shifts, temporal changes
and sociocultural evolution. Particularly, garden construction flourished in the
economically prosperous and culturally rich areas of the lower Yangtze River
region, with the paradigm shifting from the belief that "a woman without talent is
virtuous" to the notion that "virtue begets talent, and talent enhances virtue", which
could be attributed to Yuan Mei's advocacy of the "theory of natural spirit" along
with his philosophy of "teaching without discrimination". These factors not only
nurtured a group of female disciples at Suiyuan Garden but also provided them
with a more relaxed social environment. Literary retreats, rivers, lakes, and even
famous cultural sites offered them spaces to pursue education, engage in scholarly
discussions, recite poetry, and indulge in leisurely travel and contemplation within
the embrace of nature. Scholarly activities conducted in private residences gave
rise to a paradigm of female garden activities such as the composition of landscape
essays. Within these confined yet publicized communication spaces, gender barriers
that previously hindered female disciples in their quest for knowledge and wisdom
were dissolved. The poetic infusion of gardens, from the surface to the core,
actualized the local prominence of the literati's ideological realm and spiritual needs,
now imbued with feminine characteristics. The expansion of educational spaces
from the private gardens of the literati to public gardens served a dual purpose. On
the one hand, it enabled female disciples to engage in poetic and artistic interactions
that encompassed broader landscape visions. On the other hand, it harmonized
the landscape memories captured in women's poetry with the natural endowments
of public scenic spots. Scholarly gatherings served as a vital means for female
disciples to strengthen their communal bonds. The "female domain" established by
these disciples during such gatherings elevated their spatial experiences, bestowing
upon them unique life experiences. The emotional exchanges and life resonances
between women of humble and noble backgrounds deepened the public and
social dimensions of gardens, amplifying the social and cultural significance of
scenic spots like Tiger Hill with the infusion of female emotions. Leisurely travel
marked an unprecedented spatial shift for female disciples, moving them from
their confined boudoirs to the expansive world at large. The vast mountains, rivers,
and spiritual essences not only underpinned female emotions but also played a
pivotal role in nurturing women's literary sensibilities. These elements absorbed the
emotions and rationality associated with garden landscapes, aiding female disciples
in achieving self-identity and establishing their reputations by expressing their
genuine sentiments about nature. The garden descriptions, eulogies, literary meeting
narratives, and emotional expressions that accompany the aforementioned garden
activities illustrate the process by which talented women engaged in the construction
of garden spaces, society, history, and humanities. The expansive garden spaces
within literary dwellings and cultural sites offered literati women a more diverse
array of creative environments and living spaces. By seeking mentorship, engaging
in scholarly gatherings, and embarking on leisurely travels, the female disciples
of Suiyuan Garden gradually secured a dominant role in participating in garden
activities. The diachronic development of female garden aesthetics and activities
further deepened the significance of gardens, endowing garden scenery and spaces
with new meanings that transcended their roles as mere aesthetic objects and venues
for literary activities. This process also encompasses the methods and significance
by which the female disciples of Suiyuan Garden achieved their dominant position
in garden activities, as well as their dynamism and self-awareness in expressing
their thoughts and emotions. Furthermore, the profound interplay between women,
gardens, and poetry offers a fresh perspective for understanding the enduring nature
of garden space memories. While the physical structures of gardens may evolve
or vanish over time, their spatial memories endure and accumulate through the
associated garden activities and narratives. Concurrently, examining the interlocking
relationships between the garden activities of Suiyuan Garden's female disciples,
garden spaces themselves, and related texts can deepen our understanding of the
gender nuances and feminine traits within the spatiotemporal experiences of gardens
in the lower Yangtze River region. |
| Key words: landscape architecture female disciple of Sui Garden poetry and
literature of the boudoir woman and garden garden activity Yuan Mei |
