| 摘要: |
| 中国传统园林的时间性孕育于具体的生活事件当中，是过去、现在、将来相互依存的当下呈现，园林花木体验是典型体现。近代中国社会变革中，西
方时间制度影响了中国园林的时间性体验。以花木交游生活为视野，以近代广州园林为例，探索园林的时间性体验。立足园林花木交游诗文、图像与近代市政档
案、报刊等材料搜集与分析，从时间性体验方式和尺度展开探索。研究表明“居游”与“展览”是近代花木交游中重要的时间性体验方式，“园圃”与“盆瓶”
体验尺度构建了其中联系，连结了公园与私园、传统与现代的时间性体验。研究结果补充了近代中国园林体验的探索，发掘传统园林时间性体验在大众群体、公
共场所、当代语境下的延续途径，为中国传统园林文化的活态传承提供了启示。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 园林时间性 园林花木体验 园林交游 近代广州园林 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.02.0146 |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-03修订日期：2024-05-11 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目面上项目(51578242)；《广州大典》与广州历史文化研究资助专项课题(2022GZLW05) |
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| Temporality of Garden: Exploration of Experiences of Garden Communion by Plants in ModernGuangzhou |
| LI Yiman,,YUAN Xiaomei* |
| Abstract: |
| The temporal construct of Chinese gardens transcends the realms of physical
chronometry and extrinsic teleology, embracing instead a dynamic interdependence
among the past, present, and future, vividly manifest in the ephemerality of the experience.
In the tapestry of Chinese garden experiences, time is not an abstract concept; it deviates
from a linear, sequential progression in favor of an immersive, tangible experience, rich
with the life narratives embedded within discrete events. Current academic discourse on
the temporality of Chinese gardens frequently centers on plants as a pivotal subject of
analysis. However, much of the research has concentrated on the garden's construction
and appreciation through the lens of external temporal markers, with less attention given
to the holistic exploration of intrinsic, fleeting experiences. Furthermore, the temporal
backdrop of these studies is predominantly anchored in antiquity or modernity, with a
conspicuous absence of in-depth examination of the transition era. Amidst the social
metamorphoses of modern China, Western temporal paradigms progressively infiltrated
into the quotidian existence of the Chinese populace, prompting a transition from agrarian
and seasonal timekeeping to the temporal metrics characteristic of an industrialized
society. Gardens, as an integral facet of daily life, underwent significant evolution, and the
temporal experiences encapsulated by garden plants resonated with these transformations.
Guangzhou, being a city at the forefront of numerous institutional reforms, has preserved
a wealth of textual and visual evidence for scholarly investigation. This paper adopts the
perspective of social interactions in the gardens, themed around plants, using the modern
Guangzhou (1840-1949) as a research background to delve into the temporal experiences
of gardens. Two modes of garden experience in social interactions centered on plants
"wandering-dwelling" and "exhibition", and the two scales of garden experience "garden
plots" and "miniature landscape" are analyzed. The analysis of the "wandering-dwelling"
experience is anchored in specific garden life scenarios, with case studies focusing on
the plant-themed interactions in Deng Dalin's Apricot Grove Garden (Xinglin Garden) in
the late Qing Dynasty and Mo Mufu's Dawn Green Garden (Xiaolü Garden) during the
Republic of China era. The "exhibition" experience analysis is conducted by examining
the historical records of exhibitions in traditional gardens and parks in Guangzhou from
the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period, thereby elucidating the associated
temporal experiences. On this basis, the study further discusses the two temporal
experiential scales: "garden plots" and "miniature landscape", to explore the transmission
and communication of temporality during the plant-themed social interactions through the
gardens. It unveils a traditional Chinese intrinsic temporality that stands in contrast to the
focus on external temporal markers, and excavates the specific contexts and perpetuation
methods of temporal experiences in modern Guangzhou, as it transitioned from private
gardens to public parks, and from traditional courtyard gardens to new-style gardens,
with plants as the cornerstone. The study reveals that: 1) "Wandering-dwelling" is the
quintessential modality of temporal experience in private garden plant-themed social
interactions, which encompasses a holistic spatiotemporal and instantaneous sensory
experience. "Exhibition" is a significant modality of plant-themed social interactions in
public gardens, encapsulating the objectives of revitalization and public education during
the Republic of China era, with a primary focus on seasonal floral viewing experiences,
and perpetuating and conveying traditional "wandering-dwelling" experiences in miniature
landscapes exhibitions like flower arrangement. 2) The garden's spatiotemporal contexts
are scaled within 'garden plots' and 'miniature landscapes', forging connections between
'wandering-dwelling' and 'exhibition' experiences. The "garden plot" scale integrates
Western and modern temporal experiences within parks, while in private gardens, it
embodies the traditional garden's temporal experiences of "wandering-dwelling". The
"miniature landscape" scale builds bridges between parks with private gardens, tradition
with modernity, and within confined spatial parameters, it not only supports "wanderingdwelling"
experiences but also expands the subjects and manifestations of temporal
experiences through "exhibitions". In conclusion, this study enriches the exploration of
temporal garden experiences during the transition period from tradition to modernity from
the vantage point of social interactions in gardens, contributing to the discovery of the
enduring pathways of traditional literati garden experiences within mass groups, public
spaces, and contemporary contexts. It offers insights into the living heritage and dynamic
preservation of traditional Chinese garden culture, providing a bridge between the past and
the present while offering a lens through which to view the evolution of garden cultural
practices in the context of modernity. |
| Key words: landscape architecture temporality of garden garden experience of
plants garden communion modern Guangzhou garden |
