| 摘要: |
| 门头沟区位于北京西部，是北京市唯一的纯山区，同时也是永定河山峡段所在区域，悠久的乡村发展历史与特殊的山水地理条件使其在人水相互适应
方面形成了多样化的地域性特征，同时在北京“23.7”特大雨洪灾害中，门头沟也是受灾最为严重的区域，暴露出了较为尖锐的人水适应矛盾。以水适应性为视
角，借助文献、田野调查与空间分析相结合的方法，从“谁来适应”“适应什么”“如何适应”三方面系统性定义门头沟传统山地乡村水适应性的4个阶段、两大
主体、5个方面与32项典型特征，在此基础上从自然系统与社会系统两方面梳理出11个水适应性限制问题，提出面向未来的11项总体策略与14个分项策略，以期
为门头沟传统山地乡村的可持续发展与相似水适应性问题的区域提供借鉴与参考 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 水适应性 山地 乡村 京西 门头沟 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.04.0137 |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-28修订日期：2024-01-16 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(51808005)；北京市教委社科一般项目(SM201910009008)；北方工业大学青年毓优人才培养计划(NCUT2020) |
|
| Water Adaptation History, Characteristics, Limitation and Vision of Traditional Mountainous Villages inMentougou, West Beijing |
| ZHANG Jin |
| Abstract: |
| Mentougou District is located in the west of Beijing, which is the
only pure mountain area in Beijing and also the area where the gorge section
of Yongding River is located. The long history of rural development and special
landscape geographical conditions make it form diverse regional characteristics
in terms of mutual adaptation between people and water, at the same time, in
the "23.7" heavy rain and flood damage in Beijing, Mentougou is also the most
seriously affected area, exposing a relatively sharp contradiction in human and
water adaptation. After the disaster, Mentougou formulated the general idea of
"basic recovery in one year, comprehensive improvement in three years, longterm
high-quality development", and focused on the reconstruction of roads and
Bridges, power grids, and houses destroyed by the water. Facing the future,
based on the restoration and reconstruction of basic livelihood projects, the
restoration of the overall ecological environment, especially the restoration of the
water ecological environment, will become the key work content. Based on the
adaptation theory and research framework, this article takes water adaptation as
a characteristic research perspective, and systematically defines 4 stages of water
adaptation: river valley settlement - the original period of human-water interaction,
village construction by the river - the development period of human-water
interaction, integration of water and village - the maturity period of human-water
interaction, and wown-water gaming - the decline and revival of human-water
interaction; 2 main bodies: river valley platform and mountain valley; 5 aspects:
spatial distribution, village site selection, irrigation and water conservancy, gully
management, settlement architecture; and 32 typical characteristics from aspects
of "who or what adapts", "adaptation to what" and "how does adaptation occur"
by combining literature, field investigation and spatial analysis. On this basis,
11 water adaptation limits are sorted out from the aspects of natural and social
systems, the adaptation limitation of natural system mainly includes two aspects:
uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, and complex landscape
structure, the adaptation limitation of social system mainly includes three aspects:
complex game of water resources, insufficient display of water culture, and dual
separation of water planning. 11 overall strategies: involving the spatial pattern of
water adaptation landscape, ecological restoration of water adaptation landscape,
development of water adaptation recreation system, and establishment of water
adaptation participation mechanism. 14 sub-strategies are proposed for the valley
platform and mountain valley, the strategy for the valley platform mainly involves
four aspects: ecological water replenishment and ecological restoration, returning
farmland to forest and returning river bank to wet land, flood control planning
and dangerous village relocation, agriculture and forestry planting and landscape
construction, the strategy of mountain valley mainly involves three aspects:
stormwater runoff source control, valley area flood control precision planning and
five-in-one mountain restoration. Finally, this article further discusses the dialectical
relationship between adaptation limitation and adaptation ability, the importance of
historical law and phased experience, and the dynamic balance between regional
policy orientation and residents' desire for a better life, to provide reference for the
sustainable development of traditional mountainous villages in Mentougou and
regions with similar water adaptation problems. |
| Key words: landscape architecture water adaptation mountainous village west Beijing Mentougou |
