| 摘要: |
| 当前的风景园林学科政策研究大多从政策客体的知识体系出发，导致抽象的专业概念难以转化为利益相关者可理解的政策实践语言。为构建风景园林师
与行政管理者之间共同的话语体系，以政策工具理论为媒介建立了“供给-环境-需求”3个维度的公共政策分析框架，并开展深圳市的园林绿化政策量化研究。通
过NVivo 20梳理深圳市1992—2022年269份园林绿化政策文本后发现：1)深圳市园林绿化政策经历了行政管理转型、上级政策主导、地方快速发展3个阶段，
其中，高效的市场化改革和突出的城市定位是园林绿化快速发展的重要政策背景；2)工具选择以环境型工具为主，通过法规管制、目标规划等工具规范市场秩序
和引导市场容量，而供需两侧工具数量占比较低是高度市场化的体现；3)工具应用主要集中在建设和管理环节，科研环节受到市场行为的限制，生产环节则因城
市用地功能的转变而削弱。该政策分析框架的建立及深圳市政策经验的总结以期为风景园林政策研究及实践提供借鉴 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 景观管理 园林绿化 绿化政策 政策工具 深圳市 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.04.0095 |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-27修订日期：2024-08-26 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research on the Analytical Framework and Application of Urban Greening Policy Instruments inShenzhen |
| XIE Hongli,,KONG Jiayi,,LIN Guangsi* |
| Abstract: |
| Most of the current policy research in the landscape architecture
discipline starts from the knowledge system of the policy object, which makes it
difficult to convert abstract professional concepts into policy practice language
understandable by stakeholders who are policy subjects. As a public product
mainly provided by the government, urban greening requires appropriate policy
research to help understand the logic of government management. To construct
a common discourse system between landscape architects and administrative
managers, this research took the market-oriented reform of urban greening in
China as the starting point and drew on the supply, environmental, and demand
policy instruments proposed by Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld to establish
a public policy analysis framework suitable for the filed of urban greening. As
the first special economic zone in China, Shenzhen has the policy advantage of
"special policies, flexible measures", and has shown more advanced ideas and
outstanding achievements in urban greening. So a quantitative study of urban
greening policies in Shenzhen is carried out. The study used NVivo 20 to sort
out 269 urban greening policy documents in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2022.
The analysis found that: 1) Since 2005, the number of urban greening policy
documents in Shenzhen began to rise sharply. Shenzhen's urban greening policy
has experienced three stages: administrative transformation in 1992-2004,
superior policy leadership in 2005-2011, and local rapid development since 2012,
among which efficient market-oriented reform and prominent city positioning
are important policy backgrounds for the rapid development of urban greening.
2) A total of 820 policy instruments were used in 269 Shenzhen urban greening
policy documents. The selection of policy instruments is mainly the environmental
ones which account for 64.4%, and the market order and capacity are regulated
and guided by specific instruments of regulation and planning, while the fewer
instruments of supply and demand reflect the high degree of marketization. The
instruments of supply show that Shenzhen pays attention to the technological
driving force, which is more prominent in the construction of the standardization
system, but the supply policy is insufficient in the three factors of talent,
information, and capital. There are fewer instruments of demand accounting for
only 6.5%, but the reform of government procurement methods and quotas has
given each legal entity the right to independently choose better urban greening
management services, which has improved the management quality to a
certain extent. 3) The application of policy instruments is mainly concentrated in
construction and management, and the proportion of policy instruments focusing
on scientific research and production is only 9.7% and 3.7%. The scientific
research is limited by market behavior, urban greening and other directions that are
closely related to the market are mainly practical projects, and their basic research
lags behind. The production is weakened by the change of urban land function,
Shenzhen's rapid urbanization and highly developed marketization have prompted
it to convert early production land such as nurseries into construction land. In
addition, the policy strength of the production is weak because the market drive
force is relatively simple, and the work such as plant selection and breeding is not
fully guaranteed in China's intellectual property protection system. The significance
of this research lies in the introduction of policy science theories and methods for
landscape architecture, and the establishment of a common context between
landscape architects and administrative managers, and take Shenzhen's urban
greening policy as an example to provide reference for landscape construction
and management in other cities. |
| Key words: landscape architecture landscape management urban greening greening policy policy instrument Shenzhen |
