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| 集中连片视角下的传统村落保护利用协同发展研究——以北京门头沟为例 |
| 凡来,张大玉*,李雪华,石炀 |
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| 作者简介：凡 来
1990年生/女/湖南长沙人/博士/北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学
院在站博士后/研究方向为建筑遗产保护(北京 100044) |
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| 摘要: |
| 针对传统村落集中连片保护利用工作所面临的问题，以北京市门头沟区12个传统村落为例，通过交通网络模型的构建，构建出集中连片发展的空间结
构，从理点成核、串核联网、聚村成片3个维度，剖析了传统村落集中连片保护利用集群区的空间结构。从理论层面分析了传统村落保护与利用协调机制，从实证
层面测度了门头沟传统村落的村落资源、村落整体风貌、文化传承、村落发展活力、接待能力、基础设施各指标，构建传统村落保护与利用评价指标体系，得到
传统村落保护与利用评价结果。利用耦合协调度模型和熵值法，评价各传统村落的耦合协调程度，对保护和利用之间的关系进行解读。进而针对各传统村落，提
出先导带动型、特色引导型、风貌改善型、设施提升型和基础补齐型5类发展建议，以期指导传统村落集中连片保护利用的实践。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 传统村落 集中连片 保护利用 协同发展 门头沟 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.04.0079 |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-22修订日期：2024-11-26 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(51938002)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478039)；中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M760189) |
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| Research on the Coordinated Development of Traditional Village Protection and Utilization from aCentralized and Contiguous Perspective: Taking Mentougou in Beijing as an Example |
| FAN Lai,,ZHANG Dayu*,,LI Xuehua,,SHI Yang |
| Abstract: |
| Under the dual pressure of rapid urbanization and the rapid development
of new rural areas, the protection and utilization of traditional villages are facing
unprecedented challenges. One of the key challenges is how to balance the
relationship between protection and development. However, the relationship between
the protection and utilization development of traditional villages is not simply a
mutually restrictive conflict, but a balancing game between two complex systems.
Only through their coordinated advancement can the protection, inheritance, and
rural revitalization of traditional villages be promoted. Against this backdrop, the
concept of concentrated contiguous protection and utilization demonstration has
emerged as a new approach to the protection and utilization of traditional villages in
the new era. Therefore, how to construct the spatial structure for the concentrated
contiguous protection and utilization of traditional villages, how to objectively evaluate
the protection and utilization development of these two systems, and how to view
the relationship between the two require innovative methods in the research on
the protection and utilization of traditional villages. Focusing on the requirements of
concentrated contiguous protection and utilization demonstration, this study uses
the 12 traditional villages in the Mentougou District of Beijing as an example. It mainly
explores how to delineate the spatial structure of concentrated contiguous protection
and development clusters, how to evaluate protection and utilization, and analyzes
the degree of coordination between the two. It also compares the differences in
protection and utilization between the post-concentrated development mode and the
previous single-village development mode and proposes corresponding strategies
based on local conditions. By constructing a transportation network model, the
spatial structure of concentrated contiguous development is established. The
analysis is conducted from three dimensions: point-to-core formation, core-linking
network, and village-cluster formation. This approach reveals the spatial structure
of the traditional village protection and utilization cluster area. From a theoretical
perspective, the coordination mechanism between the protection and utilization of
traditional villages is analyzed. From an empirical perspective, various indicators such
as village resources, overall village appearance, cultural inheritance, development
vitality, reception capacity, and infrastructure are measured for the traditional villages in
Mentougou. An evaluation index system for the protection and utilization of traditional
villages is constructed, and the evaluation results of their protection and utilization are
obtained. The results show that, from a spatial distribution perspective, the protection
evaluation results of traditional villages in Mentougou exhibit an overall spatial feature
of "higher in the west, lower in the east", with the protection level in the western part
being higher than in the eastern part. Similarly, the utilization evaluation results show
a spatial characteristic of "higher in the east and west, lower in the middle", with highvalue
"patches" embedded. In the west, Chuandixia Village is representative, in the
east, Sanjiadian Village represents this pattern, and in the south, Qianjuntai Village
is a key example. By using a coupling coordination model and entropy method, the
relationship between protection and utilization is interpreted and evaluated, placing
each traditional village into stages such as severe imbalance, moderate imbalance,
basic coordination, moderate coordination, and high coordination. Based on these
findings, five types of development suggestions are proposed for each traditional
village: leading-type, characteristic-guided, appearance-improvement, facilityupgrading,
and infrastructure-completion types. The exploration of the model for
concentrated contiguous protection and development of traditional villages should
focus on traditional style, industrial services, and infrastructure. A spatial pattern of
large contiguous areas with small clusters should be formed while strengthening the
inheritance and innovation of historical and cultural protection. The complementary
advantages of resources among the villages should be emphasized, the supporting
infrastructure system should be improved, and shared tourism service facilities
should be strengthened. In response to the challenges faced by the protection
and utilization of traditional villages in concentrated contiguous areas, this study
takes 12 traditional villages in the Mentougou District of Beijing as an example. By
constructing a transportation network model, the spatial structure for concentrated
and contiguous development is outlined, analyzing the spatial structure of the
cluster area for protection and utilization of traditional villages from three dimensions:
forming a nucleus from scattered points, connecting the nuclei into a network, and
clustering villages into blocks. From a theoretical perspective, the study analyzes
the coordination mechanism between the protection and utilization of traditional
villages. From an empirical perspective, the study measures various indicators of the
Mentougou traditional villages, including village resources, overall village appearance,
cultural heritage, development vitality, reception capacity, and infrastructure. An
evaluation index system for the protection and utilization of traditional villages is
established, and the evaluation results are derived. Using the coupling coordination
degree model and entropy method, the study assesses the relationship between
protection and utilization, categorizing the villages into five stages: severe imbalance,
moderate imbalance, basic coordination, moderate coordination, and high
coordination. These stages are used to interpret the relationship between protection
and utilization. Based on these findings, development suggestions for each traditional
village are proposed, including five types: lead-driven, characteristic-guided,
appearance-improvement, facility-enhancement, and basic-completion types, to
guide the practical implementation of the protection and utilization of traditional
villages in concentrated contiguous areas. |
| Key words: landscape architecture traditional village concentrated and contiguous protection and utilization coordinated development Mentougou |
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