| 摘要: |
| 声景作为居住环境的重要组成部分，对城市居民身心健康的促进作用已被证实，但是其对老年人的恢复性效益感知的影响及其内在机制尚未有深入研
究。为填补这一研究空白，以福州市仓山区33个居住小区绿地为例，通过对438名老年居民的公众调查，探讨老年人声景恢复性效益感知特征及其感知机制。结
果表明，老年人的声景恢复性效益感知主要分为2个维度：吸引力和包容性。在3种主要声源类型中，仅机械声直接且显著地对包容性产生了负面影响；自然声和
人类声则通过影响老年人感知到的声景情感质量间接地影响他们对声景恢复性效益的感知。声景丰富度对老年人感知的声景恢复性效益的2个维度均有直接且显著
的正向影响，而声景愉悦度仅对包容性具有显著的正向影响。此外，多群组分析结果表明，在不同性别的老年群体中，人类声和机械声对声景恢复性效益的感知
影响存在显著差异。研究结果深化了居住小区绿地中老年人声景恢复性效益感知机制的科学理解，并为居住小区绿地声景适老化设计提供了理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 声景感知 声景恢复性效益 老年人 居住小区绿地 适老化设计 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.01.0102 |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-29修订日期：2024-01-05 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52378049) |
|
| Study on the Perception Mechanism of Soundscape Restorativeness in Residential Green Apacesfrom the Perspective of the Elderly |
| GUO Xuan,,LIU Jiang* |
| Abstract: |
| Soundscape, as an integral part of the living environment, has been
increasingly recognized for its potential to promote the physical and mental wellbeing
of urban residents. While previous studies have investigated the restorative
effects of soundscapes on the general population, there is a lack of research focusing
specifically on the elderly, a rapidly growing demographic group with unique
perceptual characteristics and health needs. As the global population ages, there
is an urgent need to create age-friendly living environments that support the wellbeing
of older adults. Residential green spaces, as the most accessible outdoor
spaces for the elderly, provide an ideal setting to investigate the restorative potential
of soundscapes and inform the design of health-promoting environments. This
study aims to address the research gap by exploring the characteristics of perceived
soundscape restorativeness (PSR) for the elderly and its underlying perception
mechanisms in the context of residential green spaces. The research seeks to
answer three main questions: 1) What are the key dimensions and characteristics
of PSR as perceived by elderly individuals in residential green spaces? 2) How
do soundscape characteristics, including sound source perception and soundscape
affective quality, influence the elderly's PSR? 3) Are there significant differences
in the PSR perception mechanisms between elderly males and females? The study
was conducted in 33 residential green spaces located in Cangshan District, Fuzhou
City, China. A questionnaire survey was administered to 438 elderly residents
aged 60 years and above. The questionnaire consists of four main sections: sociodemographic
characteristics, sound source dominance perception, soundscape
affective quality evaluation, and perceived assessment of perceived restorativeness
in soundscape. Sound source dominance was measured using a 5-point Likert
scale for three main types of sounds: natural, human, and mechanical. Soundscape
affective quality was evaluated using four positive indicators from ISO 12913-
2: pleasant, vibrant, calm, and eventful. PSR was assessed using a modified
version of the Perceived Restorativeness Soundscape Scale (PRSS), adapted to
the study context. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and SmartPLS
3.3. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the underlying
dimensions of PSR perceived by the elderly. Partial least squares structural equation
modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to examine the relationships between sound
source dominance, soundscape affective quality, and PSR dimensions. Multigroup
analysis (MGA) was conducted to investigate gender differences in the
PSR perception mechanisms. The EFA results revealed two main dimensions of
PSR perceived by the elderly: attractiveness and inclusiveness. Attractiveness
captures the elderly's preference for engaging and interesting soundscapes that
arouse curiosity and encourage exploration, while inclusiveness reflects their desire
for comfortable, stress-free, and coherent soundscapes that promote a sense of
belonging. The PLS-SEM analysis showed that among the three types of sound
sources, only mechanical sounds had a direct and significant negative impact on
the inclusiveness dimension of PSR. Natural and human sounds, on the other
hand, influenced PSR indirectly by affecting the perceived soundscape affective
quality. The eventfulness of the soundscape exerted a direct and notably positive
effect on both its attractiveness and inclusiveness, whereas the pleasantness of the
soundscape was found to significantly affect only inclusiveness. The MGA results
indicated significant differences between elderly males and females in the PSR
perception mechanisms. The dominance of human and mechanical sounds had a
direct and significant impact on inclusiveness for female elderly, but not for males.
The influence of natural sound dominance on soundscape eventfulness was stronger
for male elderly compared to females. The findings of this study highlight the
unique characteristics and perception mechanisms of soundscape restorativeness
for the elderly in residential green spaces. The two-dimensional structure of PSR
(attractiveness and inclusiveness) reflects the specific needs and preferences
of older adults in terms of soundscape experience. The results emphasize the
importance of creating coherent and pleasant soundscapes that promote a sense of
comfort and belonging for the elderly, rather than focusing solely on the presence
or absence of specific sound sources. The significant role of soundscape affective
quality in mediating the effects of sound source dominance on PSR suggests that
the emotional response to soundscapes is a crucial determinant of restorative
outcomes for the elderly. Designers should prioritize creating eventful and pleasant
soundscapes that evoke positive emotions and foster restorative experiences. The
gender differences observed in the PSR perception mechanisms underscore the
need for considering the diverse needs and preferences of elderly subgroups in
soundscape design. The findings suggest that elderly females may be more sensitive
to the direct impacts of human and mechanical sounds on restorativeness, while
elderly males may derive greater restorative benefits from natural sound-dominated
environment. This study provides new insights into the characteristics and
perception mechanism of soundscape restorativeness for the elderly in residential
green spaces. The findings contribute to the scientific understanding of elderly's
experience with soundscapes and offer evidence-based guidelines for designing
age-friendly soundscapes in residential areas. To create restorative soundscapes
for the elderly, planners and designers should prioritize the overall coherence
and affective quality of the soundscape, considering the balance and coordination
of various sound elements. The design process should also take into account the
gender-specific needs and preferences of the elderly population to ensure inclusive
and restorative environments that cater to elderly individuals of different genders,
physical conditions, and cultural backgrounds. |
| Key words: landscape architecture soundscape perception perceived soundscape
restorativeness elder people residential green space aging-friendly design |
