| 摘要: |
| 泉水塑造了济南乡村泉水聚落独特的地域空间特征。通过样本梳理与田野调查，筛选并落位了242个乡村泉水聚落和359处泉水，从泉域、泉貌、泉地
3个方面对乡村泉水聚落的空间分布特征进行总结，从宏观、中观和微观3个层级对乡村泉水聚落的空间择址进行研究，总结划域分区、因貌成群和相地别类3种
择址营建理法。分别总结泉域尺度的11个特征分区，泉貌尺度的9个谷壑集群、4个峪口集群、1个平原集群的特征分群，以及泉地尺度的“三大类+10个小类”
特征分类。结合图谱化、圈层化、结构化和图景化的保护传承方法，提出面向未来乡村泉水聚落保护传承的地域思考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 以泉定村 乡村泉水聚落 营建理法 济南 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.01.0078 |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-19修订日期：2024-01-02 |
| 基金项目:山东省社会科学规划文旅融合研究专项重点项目(22BYJ16) |
|
| Study on the Site Selection Construction Method of Rural Spring Settlements in Jinan "Set Village withSpring" |
| ZHAO Liang,JIANG Di,YU Aimin,HUANG Zhong,ZHOU Yi* |
| Abstract: |
| Springs have shaped the unique regional spatial characteristics of rural
spring settlements in Jinan. This paper combines the "Jinan Spring List" to conduct
field research and spatial elements of rural spring settlements in Jinan. The research
scope is focused on the southern mountainous area of Jinan, which has the most
widely distributed resources for rural spring settlements. It covers four districts and
one county of Shizhong District, Licheng District, Changqing District, Zhangqiu
District and Pingyin County, including 242 rural spring settlements and 359 springs,
and carries out the research on the site selection and principle of construction of
rural spring settlement from the perspective of "set village with spring". Due to the
interplay between hydrogeology, mountain geomorphology and human landscape
factors, the spring water resources form the characteristics of spatial zoning,
grouping and classification, which are embodied in the principle of construction of
zoning, grouping and classification. The principles of site selection and construction
in rural spring water settlements within a regional space reflect the interaction
between natural geography and human elements. It is a macro-scale site selection
and principle of construction of "set village with spring". Its spatial structure can be
summarized as "one main, four auxiliary and three cores", as well as 11 characteristic
partitions of piedmont plain, hilly, shallow mountain and deep mountain based on
geomorphological characteristics. The principles of site selection and construction
in groups are reflected in the spatial layout characteristics of rural spring settlements
under the influence of natural and human landform, showing the characteristics of
cluster distribution. It is a meso-scale site selection and principle of construction
method of "set village with spring". Combined with the spatial relationship between
natural landform and human landform in the spatial distribution of rural spring
settlements, the natural landform can be summarized into three categories: valley
clusters (9), hill clusters (4), and plain clusters (1). The site selection principle
of construction of Xiangdi Category is embodied in the coupling of man-land
relationship in the three-life space of rural spring settlements, which is the microscale
site selection principle of construction of "arrange village with spring". A
"spring space" refers to a unit of land formed when a spring emerges on the surface.
It takes the spring water and its close integration function space as the carrier, which
is reflected in different land composite types and spatial patterns. Combined with
the function, scale, scene and activity elements, the spring space is subdivided into
three types of spring space: rural, rural farming and rural residence, and also 10 subcategories
of spring space. As a characteristic settlement system in regional space,
rural spring settlements are the spatial embodiment of resource endowment in people,
land, industry and energy. A unified map system should be developed for spring water
and rural spring settlements, and a three-level map of "partition-group-classification"
should be constructed based on the three scales of spring area, spring appearance and
spring land. The spring water is used as an important facility carrier to reasonably
delineate the rural spring water settlement life circle; at the same time, pay attention
to the protection and inheritance of spring water to rural spatial structure and spatial
landscape. The continuous research on the construction characteristics and inheritance
of rural spring settlements under the thought of ecological civilization also needs to
be oriented to a wider area, such as the typical Taishan area, which needs long-term
field investigation and value mining, so as to make the inheritance and sustainable
development of this unique cultural and natural dual heritage resources. |
| Key words: landscape architecture set village with spring rural spring settlements principle of construction Jinan |
