| 摘要: |
| 中国新时代生态文明建设为自然保护区的定位提出
了新的战略需求，正在开展的自然保护地整合优化工作对自
然保护区定位提出了现实需求，而自然保护区本身面临事权
职责模糊不清、严格管控名不符实、旅游管理参差不齐的混
乱迷局。将自然保护区定位为自然保护地体系中的基础性地
位，基于自然保护区已经取得生物多样性保护的显著成效、
是物种及其栖息地保护的核心阵地、是生态安全与生态系统
服务的基本底线3个原因。为实现自然保护区的基础性地位，
应在法律法规中明确其地位与严格管理的基本要求，推动实
现中央事权与中央政府直管，保证自然保护区面积充足与代
表性充分，严格限制旅游经营活动，差别化管理和有序退出
社区生产生活活动。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 自然保护地 自然保护区 国家公
园 生物多样性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Discussion on the Nature Reserves as Foundationof Protected Areas in the New Era of EcologicalCivilizatio |
| ZHAO Zhicong,ZHONG Le,YANG Rui |
| Abstract: |
| The positioning of nature reserves in the protected area
system is the strategic demand by the construction of ecological
civilization in the new era of China, as well as the realistic request
by the ongoing integration and optimization of protected areas.
In the meantime, the nature reserves themselves are faced with a
confusing maze of ambiguous responsibilities, extremely strict rules
but more in name than reality, and uneven management of visitor
activities. Nature reserves are positioned as the foundation in the
protected areas, based on the three reasons that nature reserves have
achieved remarkable achievements in biodiversity conservation, are
the core places of protection of species and their habitats, and are
the basic bottom line of ecological security and ecosystem services.
In order to achieve the fundamental status of nature reserves, the
paper proposed 5 suggestions. Firstly, the foundational status and
strict rules should be clarified in the laws and regulations. Secondly,
the central governmental authorities and direct management
of national nature reserves should be promoted. Thirdly, the
sufficient size and full representativity of nature reserves should
be continuously promoted and guaranteed. Fourthly, tourism needs
to be strictly restricted, and finally, the management policy for the
community should be differentiated and the chosen community
should withdraw from the nature reserves in an orderly way. |
| Key words: landscape architecture protected areas nature reserves national parks biodiversity |
