| 摘要: |
| 山地城市高密度建成区域具有更加复杂和特殊的用地条件与交通状况，与平坦城市相比存在更突出的空间分布不均衡的问题，绿色开放空间供需状况可
能失衡，影响居民福祉。依托步行可达性构建具有山地适宜性的供需评价模型，选取两步移动搜索法，从供给、需求、供需过程改进评价指标，并以重庆渝中区
为例探讨实际供需状况。结果表明，研究区绿色开放空间供需水平呈现较明显的空间分异，高水平区域具有集中式分布、随距离递减的特征；不同类型绿色开放
空间供需水平及其提供有效服务的效率均存在差异，城市级绿色开放空间主导供需空间格局，片区级和社区级绿色开放空间服务效率相对更好；供需水平随步行
路网密度增加，先提高后降低，且与路径绕路系数具有显著负相关。基于实际供需评价结果，以增加供给效率为目标，提出完善整体布局和优化供需连接的提升
策略，为存量背景下的山地城市绿色开放空间规划提供决策依据，为同类城市空间服务效益评价提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 山地高密度城区 绿色开放空间 步行可达性 供需状态 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.02.0055 |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-11修订日期：2024-11-05 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(52238003)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2024CDJZCQ-010，2024CDJXY014) |
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| Study on Supply and Demand Evaluation and Optimization of Green Open Space in MountainousUrban Area Based on Walking Path |
| LUO Dan,,ZHANG Yishan,,LUO Rongrong,,LI Bo,,YANG Xinxiu |
| Abstract: |
| The equitable distribution and allocation of urban green open space
affects the well-being of residents and is of great significance to the planning of
green space systems. High-density built-up areas in mountainous cities have more
complex and special land use conditions and transportation situations, and compared
with flat cities, residents have more prominent problems in accessing green open
space services in a complex process. First, the interior of green open space is often
affected by topography, and traditional methods of measuring supply are not accurate.
Second, the demand for green open space is affected by the spatial pattern of the
city and the individual characteristics of the residents, and cannot be judged only
by population distribution. Third, the traditional method of judging the connection
between supply and demand based on Euclidean distance contradicts the actual
situation. In order to solve the difficulty of supply and demand evaluation caused by
the spatial specificity of mountainous cities, a supply and demand evaluation model
with mountainous suitability is constructed by incorporating pedestrian accessibility.
The two-step floating catchment area method is selected to enhance the evaluation
indexes from supply, demand, and supply and demand process respectively. An
example from Yuzhong District, Chongqing is used to explore the actual supply and
demand situation. For supply quantification, a topographic coefficient is introduced
to convert the actual supply of mountain-type green open space to 60% of its total
area. For the quantification of demand, nine factors affecting the quantification of the
demand side are selected, and the weights are determined through expert scoring and
hierarchical analysis, and the population distribution raster is modified to derive the
spatial layout of demand intensity in the study area. For supply and demand process
quantification, walking paths were obtained with the help of Amap API, and the OD
cost matrix was established to establish the transportation links between the supply
and demand sides. In addition, the evaluation system is made to fit the actual situation
more accurately by setting a graded search threshold and introducing a distance decay
function with a detour coefficient. The results show that the supply and demand levels
of green open space in the study area show more obvious spatial differentiation,
with high-level areas characterized by centralized distribution and decreasing with
distance, and 53.74% of the areas in the study area have relatively poor supply and
demand levels; there are differences in the supply and demand levels of different
types of green open space and their efficiencies in providing effective services, with
city-level green open space dominating the spatial pattern of supply and demand and
area-level and community-level green open space providing relatively better service
efficiencies, which can be used to provide more effective services to the public.
The service efficiency of green open spaces at the district and community levels is
relatively better, and the formation of the green open space network can be promoted
through continuous innovation to seek small-scale green open spaces suitable for the
spatial characteristics of mountainous cities; there is a correlation between the level of
supply and demand and the characteristics of the actual paths, and the level of supply
and demand increases and then decreases when the density of the pedestrian network
increases; and the more winding the paths, the worse the level of supply and demand
is. Based on the results of the actual supply and demand evaluation, and to increase
supply efficiency, the enhancement strategy of improving the overall layout and
optimizing the connection between supply and demand is proposed. First, the overall
layout is improved with community-level green open spaces, and the optimal number
and location of new green open spaces are identified with the help of algorithms, and
13 new community-level green open spaces are identified through field research and
other means. Secondly, we optimize the connection between supply and demand by
implementing walking green paths, identifying areas with weak connectivity through
hotspot distribution, and establishing a more complete slow-moving system in
response to the problems of vertical barriers between different vertical levels and poor
walkability of the neighborhoods within the urban clusters, so as to further promote
the formation of a closer connection between the supply of and demand for green
open space. This paper establishes a supply and demand relationship by accurately
fitting the actual walking paths, and constructs a green open space supply and
demand evaluation system that is more suitable for mountainous cities from a micro
perspective, providing ideas for evaluating the effectiveness of urban space services.
The correlation between supply and demand levels and spatial characteristics is
explored in depth through field research using improved methodology, and the findings
provide a decision-making basis for green open space planning in mountainous cities
within the context of stock, and reference for the evaluation of spatial service benefits
in similar cities, aiming to build a more comfortable and convenient livable city. |
| Key words: landscape architecture mountainous high-density urban area green open
space walking accessibility state of supply and demand |
