| 摘要: |
| 京杭大运河作为明代沟通南北的重要通道，两岸因地因时产生的不同风貌使运河沿线呈现出不同的空间环境类型。这些类型以不同要素为核心形成的聚
落支撑系统，不仅使运河沿岸产生了地貌与文化胜景兼具的人文空间形态，也留下了像王世贞《水程图》与日本策彦周良《入明记》这样的历史文献。这些文献如
实展现出历史上的空间环境与文化轨迹的多元交织，也为后世了解明代运河沿线风貌提供了综合性的研究线索。如果将观察的视线从图像和文献的历史痕迹转移到
运河沿线的文化空间，通过图文互证的角度解析运河沿线各自围绕“城、乡、驿、闸、寺、湖”等含有典型特征的景象而得出不同空间形态类型，将聚落、水驿、
寺观、园林作为研究重点，分析交融景象中的空间组合关系，则能够了解时代发展过程中具有代表性的运河景观风貌。如果根据地域综合环境特征，选择性地结合
功能因素深入探讨运河沿岸空间形成的历史动因和文化驱动，在遵循历史的渊源和梳理景观元素的错落排序中重构典型区域的空间组合模式，就能够掌握运河全线
流经地交织交融又各具特色的综合空间形态，并为运河形态风貌的复写和运河景观的重现提供理论与实践支撑，进一步发掘优秀传统文化的时代价值。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 运河景观 聚落水驿 寺观园林 空间形态 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.07.0137 |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-13修订日期：2024-12-24 |
| 基金项目:2025年天津市哲学社会科学规划项目津派文化研究专项重点课题(TJJWZD01-04) |
|
| Settlements, Water Stations, Temples, and Gardens: Comprehensive Spatial Form along the MingDynasty Canal under the Mutual Verification of Images and Text |
| LIU Junmin,,LIN Jinqiu,,LI Wenqi |
| Abstract: |
| The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, as an important passageway
connecting north and south during the Ming Dynasty, was characterized
by different styles of landforms along its banks due to the time of the year,
resulting in different types of spatial environments along the canal. These types
of settlement support systems formed with different elements as the core not
only produced humanistic spatial forms along the canal with both geomorphic
and cultural scenic beauty, but also left behind historical documents such as
Wang Shizhen's "Water Journey Diagrams" and Japan's Zehiko Zhouliang's
"Record of Entering the Ming Dynasty". These documents show the diverse
interweaving of spatial environments and cultural trajectories in history, and
provide comprehensive research clues for future generations to understand the
landscape along the canal in the Ming Dynasty. The Grand Canal constructed
a multi-dimensional spatial system with "city, township, post, lock, temple, and
lake" as the core elements in the transportation system, and the essence of its
landscape form is the result of the joint action of natural geographic conditions
and the cultural symbol system. Through the systematic coupling of functional
and symbolic elements, this composite system forms a hierarchical logic of
spatial organization: the city as the administrative and commercial core, the post
as the node of the transportation network, the locks and dams as the hubs of
water control, the religious buildings as the spiritual coordinates, the lakes as
the ecological buffer interfaces, and the urban and rural communities as the
base of the supply of materials, and the various elements through the linear
corridors of the canals are connected as an organic whole. If we transfer the
observation line of sight from the historical traces of images and documents to
the cultural space along the canal, we will deconstruct the spatial information
in the historical documents and images, extract the association rules of the
elements, and systematically reveal the topological relationship of the spatial
combination patterns of "urban and rural areas, landscapes and commercial
posts" and their evolution laws. By analyzing the different spatial patterns along
the canal around the typical features such as "city, countryside, post, lock,
temple and lake" through the perspective of mutual verification of graphics and
text, and by focusing on settlements, water posts, temples and gardens and
analyzing the spatial combination relationship in the intermingled scenes, the
representative canal landscape in the process of the development of the era can
be understood. Canal landscape style in the development process of the era can
be understood. Contemporary landscape reconstruction needs to be based on
historical spatial genes and translated from three dimensions of morphological
units, combination logic and cultural semantics: at the material level, the scale
ratio and spatial sequence of iconic elements such as embankments, wharves,
streets and alleys should be refined; at the functional level, the traditional
water conservancy wisdom and traffic organization should be transformed;
and at the cultural level, the symbolic value of symbols such as religious
buildings and poetic images should be activated and selectively combined with
functional and environmental characteristics according to the geographical
integration and the cultural and environmental characteristics. According to the
comprehensive environmental characteristics of the region, selectively combining
functional factors to deeply explore the historical motivation and cultural drive
for the formation of the space along the canal, and reconstructing the spatial
combination pattern of typical areas in following the historical origins and sorting
out the staggered ordering of landscape elements, we will be able to grasp the
comprehensive spatial form of the intertwined and distinctive features of the
entire canal and provide theoretical and practical support for the rewriting of the
morphology of the canal and reproducing the landscape of the canal. In this
way, the historical landscape is reproduced in layers. This research paradigm not
only provides interdisciplinary methodological support for heritage protection,
but also, through the reconstruction of spatial narratives, sublimates the canal
culture from material remains to sustainable living traditions, and further explores
the contemporary value of excellent traditional culture. It also injects a historical
dimension into the cultural heritage and spatial innovation in contemporary urban
and rural development. |
| Key words: landscape architecture canal landscape settlement water stage temple garden spatial form |
