| 摘要: |
| 大公圩是江南社会发展、繁荣的历史缩影，是江南社会治水史上的宝贵遗产。基于对文化景观和圩田相关文献的剖析研究，从大公圩的历史性、空间
性、文化性3个维度解析大公圩地区的文化景观特征：历史维度，大公圩经历了5轮“沧海变桑田”式的土地开发与空间重构，其圩田景观在各时段呈现出连续演
进与复合共生的形态差异；空间维度，以纵横交错的水文体系为骨架，搭载完备的水利设施系统，在关联对位的田塘基底上形成与圩田耦合共生的聚落系统，共
同构成了高度整体性、深度复合化的空间格局；文化维度，大公圩体现了圩田的营建智慧，承载了相关民俗传统与地域文化认同。最后提出在国土空间规划背景
下，乡村地区人工与自然环境统筹规划的策略建议。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 文化景观 圩田 乡村聚落 大公圩 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.07.0101 |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-21修订日期：2024-07-19 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1100700) |
|
| Study on the Evolution and Characterization of the Morphology of Powdered Field Landscape from thePerspective of Cultural Landscape: Taking Dagong Polders as an Example |
| FAN Zixuan,,YIN Ming* |
| Abstract: |
| Dagong polders represent the historical epitome of the development
and prosperity of Jiangnan society and stand as a valuable legacy in the long
and rich history of water management and land reclamation in the region. As
a unique and representative cultural landscape, Dagong polders encapsulate
the deeply intertwined relationship between human productive activities and
the natural environment over time. Based on an in-depth analysis of cultural
landscape theory and a wide range of literature related to polder systems, this
paper examines the cultural landscape characteristics of Dagong polders from
three key dimensions: historicity, spatiality, and cultural significance. From a
historical perspective, Dagong polders have undergone five major developmental
phases, commonly referred to as the transformation from "changing the sea
into a mulberry field". This reflects the continuous and determined human
endeavor to reclaim tidal flats and convert them into productive agricultural
land. Over centuries of interaction, the region witnessed the formation of an
organically evolving landscape, with polders and farmlands developed across
multiple historical periods. These transitions illustrate not only the resilience
and adaptability of the local society but also their long-term commitment to
ecological transformation, agricultural innovation, and harmonious coexistence
with water. The historical evolution of the Dagong polders also mirrors broader
socio-political shifts and economic reforms, demonstrating the dynamic
interplay between governance, technology, and environmental conditions
in shaping the rural landscape. In terms of spatial characteristics, Dagong
polders are structured around a longitudinal and transverse hydrological
network that functions as the fundamental spatial skeleton of the area. This
interconnected water system supports a comprehensive and efficient network
of water conservancy facilities, including dikes, sluices, canals, and field ponds.
These elements are not randomly scattered but are strategically organized
in relation to one another, reflecting a sophisticated understanding of water
control, spatial coordination, and adaptive land use. The polder system is also
integrated with settlement patterns, resulting in a highly unified, functional, and
composite spatial layout. The synergy among the dike–settlement–pond–field
elements demonstrates the spatial logic of adapting to aquatic environments
while maximizing agricultural productivity. Moreover, the physical layout of these
elements not only ensures flood prevention and water storage but also reinforces
social interaction and communal farming practices. From the cultural dimension,
the Dagong polders landscape embodies the deep-rooted wisdom of traditional
water–land interaction and spatial organization. It reflects not only technical
ingenuity but also the accumulation of local customs, agricultural rituals, and folk
practices closely associated with water management. The cultural expressions
and strong sense of community identity formed around polder life - such as
shared irrigation practices, water-related festivals, and oral traditions - have been
passed down through generations, shaping a distinctive and enduring regional
ethos. The polder landscape is thus a repository of collective memory and a
living archive of cultural resilience and continuity. Finally, recognizing the complex,
historical, and cultural significance of Dagong polders, this paper proposes
strategic recommendations for the integrated planning of artificial and natural
rural environments under the broader framework of national spatial planning.
Emphasis is placed on respecting historical spatial forms, preserving traditional
water conservancy knowledge, and promoting both ecological sustainability and
cultural continuity. Dagong polders should not only be protected as important
cultural relics but also revitalized through contemporary landscape and rural
planning practices to enhance rural resilience, foster environmental regeneration,
and strengthen regional cultural identity for future generations. |
| Key words: landscape architecture cultural landscape polder rural settlement Dagong polders |
