| 摘要: |
| 滨江湿地作为以水为主的复合生态系统，具有极高的生态功能和价值。以哈尔滨松花江百里长廊为研究对象，通过综合评价湿地生态健康状况，探究影
响生态健康的因素，确定生态保护分区规划对策，从而为湿地管理和政府决策提供科学依据。在景观生态学理论的基础上，借助ArcGIS软件对研究区域进行地类
划分，利用Fragstats平台研究哈尔滨湿地2020年景观格局指数，最后基于PSR(压力-状态-响应)模型构建湿地生态健康评价指标体系并进行评价。结果表明：
1)研究区景观格局的类型水平特征方面，建设用地、林地、水域破碎化程度最严重，其他用地、湿地和草地的面积由于占总面积的比重较小，破碎化程度较小，
景观指数特征结果相近；2)研究区湿地生态健康综合指数均值为0.513 400，基本处于健康状态，但分布不均匀；3)通过评价结果指导保护分区规划，设立生态
核心区、生态修复区、生态游憩区、城市协调区和生态农业区。人类活动干扰、城镇化扩张是影响研究区斑块破碎化的重要因素，应积极采取新技术、新政策，
如生态廊道、分级分区管控等措施，加强生态保护与恢复。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 哈尔滨 松花江 景观格局指数 生态健康评价 生态规划 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.07.0086 |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-11修订日期：2024-08-13 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278056) |
|
| Research on Ecological Planning Countermeasures of Baili Corridor of Songhua River in Harbin Basedon Ecological Health Evaluation |
| ZHAO Zhiqiang,,YUAN Qing,,LENG Hong* |
| Abstract: |
| Wetland, as an important ecosystem in the land and water boundary
zone, has very high ecological function and value. Taking the Songhua River
Wetland, as an important ecosystem in the land and water boundary zone,
has very high ecological function and value. Taking the Songhua River Wetland
in Harbin as the research object, through comprehensive evaluation of the
ecological health status of the wetland, to explore the factors affecting the
ecological health, to provide the scientific basis for wetland management and
government decision-making. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the
study area was classified by ArcGIS software. The landscape pattern index of
Harbin wetland in 2020 was studied by Fragstats platform; Finally, the evaluation
index system of wetland ecological health was constructed based on the
pressure-state-response (PSR) model and made an evaluation. Specifically
the study utilized ArcGIS 10.5 to process Landsat 8 OLI imagery (2020) for
land use classification, identifying seven categories: construction land, water
bodies, forest, farmland, wetland, grassland, and other land types. It conducted
quantitative landscape pattern analysis using Fragstats 4.2, calculating eight
key indices including Patch Density (PD), Largest Patch Index (LPI), and
Landscape Shape Index (LSI). It developed a Pressure-State-Response (PSR)
model incorporating 13 indicators across three dimensions: pressure indicators:
development intensity (0.059 9 weight), population density (0.059 9), and
landscape disturbance (0.119 7); state indicators: high ecological function
land ratio (0.054 6), Shannon's Diversity Index (0.140 3), water pollution index
(0.117 2), etc; response indicators: nature reserve (0.068 6) and public budget
expenditure (0.068 6). It standardized indicators using min-max normalization
and determined weights through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with
expert consultation. It calculated ecological health index (EHI) values ranging
0-1, with five classification levels: very healthy (≥0.6), healthy (0.5-0.6), subhealthy
(0.4-0.5), poor (0.3-0.4), and very poor (<0.3). It conducted spatial
analysis to identify regional disparities in ecological health status. 1) Ecological
Core Zones: implement strict protection with limited scientific access; enhance
connectivity through ecological corridors; prohibit all development activities.
2) Ecological Restoration Zones: reconstruct natural hydrology and riparian
vegetation; establish constructed wetlands for water purification; implement
"source-control" pollution management. 3) Ecological Recreation Zones: develop
low-impact ecotourism facilities; establish environmental education programs;
limit visitor numbers and infrastructure coverage (<8%). 4) Urban Coordination
Zones: integrate green infrastructure and sponge city concepts; restore
urban waterways (e.g., Ashe River); implement strict development controls.
5) Ecological Agriculture Zones: promote organic farming practices; construct
buffer wetlands for agricultural runoff treatment; develop agro-ecological tourism.
The research results showed that: 1) In terms of the horizontal characteristics
of landscape pattern types, the fragmentation of construction land, forest land,
and water area was the most serious, and the fragmentation degree of other
land, wetland, and grassland area was relatively close because they accounted
for a small proportion of the total area. 2) The average comprehensive index of
wetland ecological health in the study area was 0.513 400, which was basically
in a healthy state. And the distribution is uneven. 3) The evaluation results
should guide the classification planning of protection zones, and establish
ecological core areas, ecological restoration areas, ecological recreation
areas, urban coordination areas, and ecological agricultural areas. This study
demonstrates that the PSR model effectively captures the complex interactions
between human pressures and ecosystem responses in urban wetlands.
While the Songhua River corridor maintains basic ecological functionality,
urgent interventions are needed in urban-proximate areas experiencing severe
degradation. The proposed zoning strategy provides a template for balancing
conservation and development in similar riparian ecosystems worldwide. Future
research should incorporate long-term monitoring and additional indicators (e.g.,
soil quality, biodiversity) to refine the assessment framework. Human disturbance
and urbanization expansion are important factors affecting patch fragmentation
in the study area. New technologies and policies, such as ecological corridor
and hierarchical management and control, should be actively adopted to
strengthen ecological protection and restoration. |
| Key words: landscape architecture Harbin Songhua River landscape pattern
index ecological health assessment ecological planning |
