| 摘要: |
| 提升城市公园绿地服务效能是践行人民城市理念和改善人居品质的重要举措。为量化城市公园绿地的服务效能及其公平性，构建了整合“直接服务”和
“间接服务”的综合效能评价框架，并基于网络指标和空间分布评价服务效能的公平性。以福州市核心区为例，运用复杂网络分析等方法，评价了多出行模式下
的绿地服务效能及其公平性特征。研究显示：1)随着居民出行机动性水平提升，绿地直接服务效能整体增强，服务网络结构由局部团簇向多中心网络转变；2)绿
地间接服务效能存在“共享扩张、协同滞后”的失衡问题，共享服务虽形成网络化格局但中心区压力难解，协同服务呈现中心强、外围弱的结构特征；3)服务效
能公平性中人口高密度区域问题最为突出，具有较低的邻近中心性和服务协同水平。针对上述问题，提出构建多中心协调网络化布局体系、优化“共享-协同”服
务机制和完善人口高密度区域均衡服务机制等策略，为城市公园绿地系统的精细化管理与布局优化提供支撑 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公园绿地 服务效能 空间公平性 复杂网络 多出行模式可达性 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.04.0031 |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-25修订日期：2025-02-08 |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社科规划研究基金(23YJA630117)；福建省自然科学基金(2022J05192，2022J01937)；福建理工大学校级科研项目(GY-Z21178，
GY-Z21177) |
|
| Service Efficiency and Equity of Urban Parks and Green Spaces: A Complex Network Approach |
| YANG Jinsu,SHEN Zhengxin,CAO Fengxiao* |
| Abstract: |
| The present research investigates the service effectiveness of urban
parks and green spaces (UPGS) through complex network analysis, examining
both direct service connections and indirect service interactions across different
transportation modes. In Fuzhou City, the research team examined 126 parks
(32 community parks, 31 specialized parks, and 63 comprehensive parks) and
their service relationships with 1,976 residential communities within the urban
core area. A network analysis framework was developed with two dimensions:
1) assessing direct service effectiveness through spatial accessibility, service
intensity, and service efficiency; and 2) analyzing indirect service effectiveness
through resource sharing and functional coordination. Service connection
characteristics were analyzed under three travel modes (walking, cycling,
and driving) based on a 20-minute travel threshold. Two projection networks
were constructed to characterize the resource-sharing relationships between
residential areas and service coordination patterns between parks. Network
edges were weighted using time-decay functions accounting for mode-specific
travel costs. Network analysis revealed three key findings. First, diversified
transportation modes improved the overall direct service effectiveness of UPGS.
Walking mode showed lower service effectiveness due to limited accessibility
and uneven distribution. Cycling conditions improved accessibility and led to
more balanced services. Driving mode achieved city-wide coverage and optimal
overall effectiveness, though regional differences in direct service effectiveness
persisted. Second, indirect service effectiveness showed a significant imbalance.
The sharing projection network expanded rapidly (from 2,141 to 66,989
connections) while the coordination projection network grew slowly (from 191 to
3,562 connections), indicating a "sharing expansion, coordination lag" pattern.
Although the sharing service formed a networked pattern, central area pressure
remained high, while the coordination service showed strong center and weak
periphery characteristics. Third, high-density areas faced the most prominent
service inequity issues, manifesting as the lowest direct service level, highest
sharing pressure, and weakest functional complementarity. To evaluate spatial
equity, the study area was stratified into four density-based quartile levels. Spatial
analysis revealed that low-density areas demonstrated optimal spatial equity
with the best accessibility and service coordination. High-density areas exhibited
the poorest spatial equity, with significant differences in service effectiveness
across transportation modes. Based on these findings, optimization strategies
were proposed focusing on "multi-center coordinated layout + networked
service mechanism + balanced service in high-density areas" to enhance UPGS
service effectiveness and spatial equity. For high-density areas with low proximity
centrality, innovative three-dimensional supply modes were suggested, including
rooftop gardens and vertical greening. To address the low coordination index
in high-density areas, the study proposed strengthening functional integration
along waterfront spaces to form composite service patterns. Several limitations
warrant acknowledgment. The evaluation relies on theoretical models rather
than empirical usage patterns. Temporal dynamics, including workday-holiday
differences and seasonal variations, were not incorporated. Additionally,
landscape quality and facility level differences remained unexamined. The equity
discussion focused primarily on spatial dimensions, lacking a deeper exploration
of social equity and justice aspects. Future research could incorporate spatiotemporal
data like mobile phone signals and bus card records to construct more
precise service flow networks, while further exploring social equity and justice
through both objective and subjective data. This research contributes to the
field by constructing an integrated measurement framework of "direct service"
and "indirect service" based on ecosystem service flow theory. The bipartite
network modeling approach effectively preserved the service flow relationships
between heterogeneous nodes of residential areas and green spaces, providing
new insights for quantitative assessment of resource sharing and functional
coordination in urban green space systems. The findings offer valuable
theoretical support for improving UPGS system service effectiveness under
multi-modal transportation conditions. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban green space system service
efficiency spatial equity complex network multi-modal accessibility |
