| 摘要: |
| 高度异质性是城市生态系统的重要特征，一方面影响城市生物多样性和景观地方性的形成，另一方面是导致生物多样性丧失的风险之一。从城乡梯度和
景观地方性特征角度切入，探索如何在生境网络构建过程中响应城市空间异质性特征，实现生境及生物多样性分类保护提升。以江苏省昆山市为例，响应城乡梯
度景观特征，提取获得9种典型地方性滨水景观类型并分析其生境特征，据此选取白鹭、泽陆蛙、池杉作为指示物种，爬梳文献构建多物种生境适宜性评价指标体
系；运用ArcGIS进行多物种生境适宜性评价，并对结果进行K-Means聚类分析，得到6类复合生境组合，其中4类属于滨水生境并呈现城乡梯度特征。在此基础
上，依托昆山现有连通度较高的蓝绿空间网络构建形成响应城乡梯度景观特征的滨水生境网络，并提出针对性的分类发展策略，为高密度城市的生物多样性保护
提供重要基础支撑。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 滨水生境 生物多样性 景观特征识别 城乡梯度 网络构建 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2025.01.0117 |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-17修订日期：2024-01-14 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178053)；上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会2023年度重点科研项目(沪建科2023-Z02-005)；自然资源部大都市区国
土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心开放性创新项目(CXZX202401) |
|
| Construction Method of Waterfront Habitat Network that Integrates Landscape Character Identificationand Urban-rural Gradient Analysis: A Case Study of Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province |
| WANG Min,YU Qianyi,WANG Jieqiong* |
| Abstract: |
| The high heterogeneity of urban ecosystems shapes urban biodiversity
and landscape particularity. However, in the context of rapid urban development and
intensified habitat fragmentation, there is an urgent need to construct a habitat network that
responds to the characteristics of urban spatial heterogeneity, so as to achieve classified
protection and enhancement of habitats and biodiversity. Taking Kunshan City in Jiangsu
Province as an example, the research identified waterfront landscape feature factors from
the dimensions of water, greenery and urban environment based on the spatial structure
of the waterfront belt and other water body characteristics, and extracted typical local
waterfront landscape types. Based on the habitat characteristics of these typical landscape
types, indicator species with different urban adaptability and migration capabilities
that can best indicate the waterfront habitat types of Kunshan City were selected. The
study collated data on their habits and habitat requirements and constructed a habitat
suitability evaluation system from the perspectives of habitat environment suitability
and human activity disturbance. Multi-species suitability evaluation was then conducted
on the ArcGIS platform, and K-Means clustering analysis was applied to the evaluation
results to obtain several urban-rural composite habitat types that reflect urban-rural
gradient characteristics. Based on the clustering results and the corresponding landscape
features of composite habitats, typical waterfront habitat types were formed, and a
grading classification system for waterfront habitat patches was established. Relying on
the existing well-connected blue-green space network in Kunshan, a waterfront habitat
network that reflects the urban-rural gradient landscape characteristics was constructed,
and targeted classification development strategies for waterfront habitats were proposed,
providing a basis for the refined guidance and control of urban habitat units at the mesoscale.
The results showed: 1) Based on remote sensing images of Kunshan City, 17
patterns of water-green-city landscape elements were formed, and nine typical local
waterfront landscape types were extracted. 2) Egrets, zeolite frogs, and pond fir were
selected as indicator species. The level of habitat suitability for egrets was low as a
whole, with suitable habitats concentrated in water fields, lakes, and wetlands, where a
preliminary network of habitat corridors was formed, but without any correlation between
northern and southern habitat sources; The overall level of habitat suitability for zeolite
frogs was moderately high, and their distribution exhibited a clear urban-rural gap and a
higher degree of integrity, with habitats concentrated in farmland and wetlands, showing
stronger adaptability to urban environment than egrets. Pond fir was the indicator species
with the highest overall habitat suitability in Kunshan's waterfront habitats, but generally
showed a fragmented trend, lacking large patches with high integrity, and no obvious
corridor structure was formed. 3) Cluster analysis resulted in six types of composite habitat
combinations, and after the removal of artificial construction areas and terrestrial habitats,
a significant gradient of urban-rural waterfront habitat spatial distribution characteristics in
Kunshan City was obtained. Among them, composite habitat 2 was in the range where the
ecological effect of urban blue-green space radiates to the hinterland; Composite habitat
4 played an important buffering role between the built environment and ecological space,
had certain connectivity functions, and could effectively increase the potential habitat
space and diffusion opportunities in the city; Composite habitat 5 was the largest type of
habitat in Kunshan City, mainly consisting of farmlands with a certain scale of high natural
value, providing diverse habitats for wild species; Composite habitat 6 was distributed in
a cluster pattern, becoming the area with the best biodiversity in Kunshan. 4) Four types
of typical waterfront habitats were obtained, namely rural natural habitats, rural wetland
habitats, rural sparse forest habitats, and urban mixed habitats. Patches larger than 30 hm2
were selected and classified into three levels, namely core ecological source areas, general
ecological source areas, and ecological sinks. Relying on the existing well-connected bluegreen
space network in Kunshan, a multi-segment and multi-type waterfront corridor
system was formed according to habitat classification. After inspection, small habitat
patches in the central urban area basically coincided with the existing park green spaces,
so according to the landscape characteristics, a stepping stone system of ecological
strategic points in the high-density urban environment was formed. 5) Using the land use
planning as the blueprint, and roads, rivers, and urban construction land as boundaries
to draw habitat maps, a classification guide map for Kunshan's waterfront habitats and
targeted habitat classification development strategies were formed. The composite
waterfront habitats showed a gradient distribution pattern from urban center to suburban
ecological space, which was closely related to human disturbance of varying degrees and
protective actions such as the construction of urban park green spaces and waterfront
corridors, agricultural production activities in the suburbs, and the ecological conservation
of lake water systems. The construction of a waterfront habitat network that responds to
the characteristics of the urban-rural gradient fully reflects the significance of traditional
ecological wisdom of "adapting to local conditions" and "coordinating human-land
relations" for balancing urban cultural and social systems and natural ecosystems, which
provides new perspectives and methods for urban ecological planning and biodiversity
conservation. |
| Key words: landscape architecture waterfront habitat biodiversity landscape
character identification urban-rural gradient network construction |
