| 摘要: |
| 长城是国家重点保护文物及世界文化遗产。长城遗
产的保护性修缮以修复长城既有建筑病害、根除结构安全隐患
的过程“最低限度干预”但同时“原状保护”为目标。北京长
城遗址顶面植物是导致长城建筑病害发生且持续恶化的因素之
一，但若大规模无差别清除则可能危害长城遗产本体，因而针
对如何科学处置长城遗址顶面植物尚存在学术争议。以北京大
庄科长城保护性修缮工程实践为例，前期已实地调研完成并阐
明长城遗址顶面植物种类及空间分布特征，在此基础上分析由
其导致的长城建筑病害类型及其结构破坏机理；依据前期已阐
明长城遗址顶面植物定量化评价体系及植物处置原则，进一步
阐述长城遗址顶面植物地上部分清除后残存根系的处置技术体
系，以及利用长城遗址顶面原堆积土及保留植物、分层回填因
修缮剥离的原堆积土及其种子库再生植物形成“软盖层”保护
体系。研究成果为修复长城建筑病害、修缮后在长城遗址顶面
实施“软盖层”保护提供基础科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 长城遗产保护 长城建筑病害 长城
保护性修缮 植物景观 |
| DOI：10.19775/j.cla.2024.06.0022 |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-18修订日期：2024-03-19 |
| 基金项目:北京市社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA01) |
|
| Technical System and Practical Cases of the PlantDisposal on the Top Surface of the Great WallHeritage Site |
| PAN Jianbin,LAN Jingwen,HUANG Tiantian,WANG Yajie,TANG Yuyang |
| Abstract: |
| The Great Wall is one of the national key protected
cultural relics in China and a world-renowned cultural heritage.
The protective repair of the Great Wall heritage site aims to repair
the existing deterioration of the Great Wall and eradicate the
structural safety risks with the goal of "minimum intervention", and
"preservation of the original state". The plants on the top surface
of the Great Wall heritage site are one of the factors leading to the
occurrence and continuous deterioration of the Great Wall. But if
large-scale indiscriminate removal is carried out, it may harm the
body of the Great Wall heritage site. Therefore, there is still an
academic controversy on how to scientifically dispose the plants
on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage site. Taking Beijing
Dazhuangke Great Wall heritage site as an example, preliminary
field research has been completed, and the species and spatial
distribution characteristics of the plants on the top surface of the
Great Wall heritage have been clarified. Based on this, this paper
analyzes the types and the mechanism of the structural defects of
the Great Wall. According to the quantitative evaluation system
of the plants on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage and the
principles of the plant disposal, this paper further describes the key
technology for the disposal of the remaining roots after removing
the ground part of the plants on the top surface of the Great Wall
heritage site, and clarifies the basic idea of using the transported soil
deposits on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage, back-filling
the original transported soil deposits stripped by repair in layers
and the regenerated plants in the soil seed bank to form the "soft
capping" protection. The research results provide a scientific basis
for the restoration of the diseases of the Great Wall, the protection
of the "soft capping" on the top surface of the Great Wall heritage,
and the construction of the cultural landscape of the Great Wall. |
| Key words: landscape architecture heritage conservation of
the Great Wall deterioration of the Great Wall protection and
restoration of the Great Wall Heritage plant landscape |
