| 摘要: |
| 梳理了术语“风景”在西欧出现及其含义演变的过
程。早期风景的含义主要是与领土整治相关。文艺复兴时期，
欧洲人认识到风景的文化艺术价值，形成了“田园生活”和
“乐土”风景样板，绘画、园林等风景艺术得到发展，深刻影
响了园林的布局、功能和规模。18世纪，在农庄经济和工业革
命的影响下，英国的乡村风景彻底改观，产生了“崇高的”和
“如画的”新型风景样板，催生出自然风景式园林风格，促进
了风景旅游的兴起。最后，总结了西欧国土-风景-园林之间的
关系及其对中国的启示。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 领土整治 乡村风景 风景类型 园林
艺术 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Landscape is Art up of Territory, and Gardens areTypification of Landscape—The Evolution of theMeaning of Landscape and the Development ofGardens in Western Europe |
| ZHAO Haiyue,ZHU Liya,ZHU Jianning,LI Yali,YAN Mengzhu |
| Abstract: |
| This paper summarized the emergence of the term
"landscape" and its evolution of the meaning in western Europe.
The initial meaning of landscape mainly refers to territorial
management. During the Renaissance, Europeans realized the
cultural and artistic worth of landscape and found the landscape
models of pastoral life and promised land, which promoted the
development of landscape arts such as painting and gardens, and
deeply influenced the layout, function, and scale of gardens. In the
18th century, under the influence of farm economy and industrial
revolution, the rural landscape in Britain completely changed.
With the formation of the new "sublime" and "picturesque"
landscape models, the natural landscape garden style emerged, and
further promoted the emergence of landscape tourism. Finally, the
relationship of territory, landscape and gardens and the inspirations
for China were summarized. |
| Key words: landscape architecture territorial management rural
landscape landscape type garden art |
