| 摘要: |
| 北京万牲园作为清末政府尝试社会变革之时的产
物，是由新思想引发的本土化变革在物质空间层面的直观体
现，也是北京近代公园建设与发展的先驱，反映了面对外来文
化冲击时传统空间转型中的设计应对方式。通过多种史料考察
北京万牲园的建设历程与营造特征，解析其在场所功能转换中
体现的空间营造手法与设计理念，以此探讨其物质结果呈现与
时代背景、政治观念、社会思潮之间的互动关系。基于对农事
试验场、公园、动物园等外来文化中“文明设施”原型的理
解，北京万牲园在建构过程中将“农事试验”作为基底进行风
景营造，以传统造园手法容纳了农业研究、科普教育、游憩休
闲等多重功能；借由交通系统、车轿游船服务与多样化餐饮场
所来建构相对完善的游憩服务系统，将游憩与“民智开通”的
社会教育目的融合，奠定民国时期北京城市公园建设的基础。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 万牲园 农事试验场 近代公园 传
统园林 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Traditional Integration and Construction—Analysis of Origination, Design Method and Characteristics of Beijing Zoo in the Late Qing Dynasty |
| GUO Wei,ZHU Yufan |
| Abstract: |
| When the government tried to make social changes in the
late Qing Dynasty, Beijing Zoo was an intuitive manifestation of the
localized changes triggered by new ideas at the material space level.
It was also a pioneer of the construction and development of Beijing's
modern parks, reflecting the design response method of the traditional
space transformation when facing the influx of foreign culture. This
article examines the construction process and characteristics of
Beijing Zoo through a variety of historical materials, analyzing its
spatial construction method and design concepts in the transformation
of place functions. And it also analyzes the interaction relationship
between the presentation of its material results and the background
of the times, political concepts, and social thoughts in the late Qing
Dynasty. Based on the understanding of the prototypes of "civilized
facilities" in foreign cultures such as agricultural testing grounds,
parks, and zoos, Beijing Zoo used "agricultural experiments" as
a base of landscape construction, and used methods of traditional
garden to create the place which accommodating multiple functions
such as agriculture research, popular science education, recreation and
leisure. Then through the transportation system, car and sedan cruise
service and diversified dining venues, a relatively complete recreation
service system was constructed, integrating recreation with the social
education purpose of "opening up people's wisdom". It became the
foundation of Beijing city park construction in the Republic of China
period. |
| Key words: : landscape architecture Beijing Zoo agricultural testing
field modern park traditional garden |
