| 摘要: |
| 博尔塔拉河流域是典型的干旱区内陆河流域，正面
临着因气候变化、人为活动干扰所造成的生态环境恶化现象。
景观生态风险评价是评估生态系统变化与城市建设发展相互作
用的有效工具，对生态脆弱的西北干旱地区进行全面的景观
生态风险评价以作为城市建设必不可少的依据。基于2000、
2010、2020年3期土地利用数据和DEM高程数据，对博尔塔
拉河流域进行流域划分，以子流域为景观生态风险评价单元，
联用ArcGIS、Fragstats和GeoDa软件计算得到景观生态风
险指数及其空间分布特征，构建景观生态风险指数评价模型，
对博尔塔拉河流域进行景观生态风险综合评价。结果表明：
2000—2010年，研究区内大面积草地、湿地、森林等类型的
退化是造成景观生态风险恶化的直接原因，这和第一、二产业
的快速发展、无序垦荒、过度放牧等人类活动干扰有极大的关
系。2010—2020年，随着国家对生态治理的高度重视，多
种防治手段并行，景观生态风险等级大幅度降低，整体景观生
态风险指数值呈降低趋势。整个研究期间，生态环境局部改善
与部分退化并存，博尔塔拉河流域的景观生态安全情况不容乐
观。未来建议从改善产业结构、推动绿色经济体系发展入手，
同时针对不同风险区制定合理改善策略。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 景观生态风险评价 干旱区流域 土
地利用变化 景观格局 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| First Risen then Fallen: Landscape Ecological Risk Evolution in the Bortala River Basin from 2000 to 2020 |
| HE Yang,LI Liang,XU Fang |
| Abstract: |
| The Bortala River basin is a typical arid inland river basin,
which is faced with the environmental deterioration caused by climate
change and human disturbance. Landscape ecological risk assessment
is an effective tool to assess the interaction between ecosystem change
and urban construction and development, which is indispensable for
urban construction in the arid area of northwest China. The Bortala
River basin was divided based on the land use data in 2000, 2010 and
2020 and DEM data, and the sub-basins were taken as the landscape
ecological risk assessment units to calculate landscape ecological
risk index values and their spatial distribution characteristics by
jointly using ArcGIS, Fragstats and GeoDa packages, followed by
the establishment of the comprehensive evaluation model to assess
the landscape ecological risk of the Bortala River basin. The results
showed that: the large-scale degradation of grassland, wetland, forest
and other types in the study area from 2000 to 2010 was the direct
cause of the deterioration of landscape ecological risk, which was
greatly related to the rapid development of the primary and secondary
industries, disorderly reclamation, overgrazing and other human
disturbances. From 2010 to 2020, as the country attached great
importance to ecological governance, and a variety of prevention and
control methods were used in parallel, the landscape ecological risk
level reduced in large areas, and the overall landscape ecological risk
index showed a decreasing trend. During the whole study period, the
improvement and degradation of the ecological environment coexist,
and the improvement of the landscape ecological risk level depends
on the artificial environment management. The landscape ecological
security situation in the Bortala River basin is not optimistic. In the
future, it is suggested to start with improving the industrial structure
and promoting the development of green economy system, and to
formulate reasonable improvement strategies for different risky areas. |
| Key words: landscape architecture landscape ecological risk
assessment arid basin land use change landscape pattern |
