| 摘要: |
| 在全球气候变暖和中国城市存量发展的背景下，
倡导气候适应性的城市公园设计，成为缓解城市热岛效应的
重要手段之一。从公园的降温范围和降温幅度2个方面，提
出并定义了城市公园降温效益的测度指标，量化其对城市温
度的调节能力，进而探讨有关公园设计要素对公园降温的影
响。研究发现：1)城市公园能够在90m范围内产生显著的
降温作用，最大降温范围可达500m；2)城市公园降温效益
除了受到自身要素影响外，还会受到周边所处建成环境的影
响；3)公园设计要素中面积大小、边界形态、植被覆盖度、
地形变化、蓝绿空间面积比5个要素对其降温效益的发挥产生
影响，且影响多为非线性；4)将降温影响要素的认知用于理
想情景模拟，发现高温热点区域的面积减少超过50%。研究
进一步加深了对城市公园降温效益的认识，为气候适应性的
公园设计在调节城市温度方面提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公园 热岛效应 气候适应性设
计 降温效益 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Measurement of Cooling Efficiency in Urban Parks and Strategies for Climate Adaptation Design |
| YIN Ruochen,FANG Jia,ZHU Dan,HU Yang |
| Abstract: |
| In the context of global warming and the urban stock
development of China, the design of urban parks that advocates climate
adaptation has become one of the important means to alleviate the urban
heat island effect. This study proposed and defined the measurement
index of the cooling benefit of urban parks from two aspects of the
cooling range and intensity of parks, quantified its ability to regulate
the urban temperature, and then discussed the influence of park design
elements on the cooling of parks. The results show that: 1) Urban parks
can produce significant cooling effects within a range of 90 meters,
and the maximum cooling range can reach 500 meters. 2) The cooling
efficiency of urban park is not only affected by its own factors, but also
by the surrounding built environment. 3) Five elements of park design,
including area size, boundary form, vegetation coverage, topographic
change, and area ratio of blue and green space, affect the cooling
efficiency, and the influences are mostly nonlinear. 4) By applying the
cognition of cooling factors to the ideal scenario simulation, it is found
that the area of hot spots decreases by more than 50%. This study further
deepens the understanding of cooling benefits of urban parks, and
provides reference for climate adaptive park design in regulating urban
temperature. |
| Key words: landscape architecture urban park heat island effect climate adaptive design cooling efficiency |
