| 摘要: |
| 选取福州市西湖公园林荫空间为样地，借助ENVImet软件，引入正交试验设计，探究植物群落特征对夏季林荫
空间微气候的影响。结果表明如下几方面。1)树木叶面积指
数在所有时段均对林荫空间的降温通风能力起主导作用，降湿
效应在早上时段主要受乔灌草比例影响，其余时段主要受树木
叶面积指数影响。2)树木叶面积指数、灌木层占比与林荫空
间的降温能力呈正相关，与降湿能力呈负相关；乔木植距与冠
幅比值略大于1:1时，降温效果最佳；空间的通风效果与树木
叶面积指数的关系受树冠高度影响；随着灌木层占比和种植密
度的升高，空间风速呈下降趋势。3)降温降湿通风效果最佳
的组合方案为：选择叶面积指数高(6.6)的树木，乔灌草比例
为3:1:1，种植密度为12m。最后，基于研究结果提出设计策
略，为城市公园规划设计提供必要的数据支持和设计依据。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 城市公园 林荫空间 植物群落特征 正交试验 数值模拟 微气候 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Study on the Influence of Plant Community Characteristics on the Summer Microclimate of the Tree-shaded Space in Parks |
| HUANG Yulin,FU Weicong,CHEN Jingru,DONG Jianwen,WANG Minhua |
| Abstract: |
| This study took the tree-shaded spaces within West Lake
Park of Fuzhou as a typical example and used ENVI-met, combined
with orthogonal experimental design, to explore the influence of plant
community characteristics on micro-climate of the tree-shaded spaces
in summer. The results revealed that: 1) Leaf Area Index (LAI) of trees
played a leading role in cooling and ventilation capacity of shaded spaces
in all periods. The humidity reduction effect was mainly affected by the
proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses in the morning, and the leaf area
index of trees is mainly affected in the rest of the period. 2) LAI of trees
and the proportion of shrubs were positively correlated with the cooling
capacity while negatively correlated with the humidity reduction of
shade spaces; the cooling effect achieved the best when the ratio of tree
planting distance to crown width is slightly over 1:1; and the relationship
between ventilation effect and tree LAI was influenced by the height
of tree crowns. Besides, with the increasing of shrub layer proportion
and planting density, the spatial wind speed presented a downward
trend. 3) The best combination plan for cooling, humidity reduction
and ventilation was a combination of a high LAI (6.6) of trees, the ratio
of arbor, shrub and grass was 3:1:1, and the planting density was 12m.
Finally, this study proposed specific design strategies, which offered data
basis and design guidance for future urban park planning and design. |
| Key words: : landscape architecture urban park tree-shaded space plant community characteristics orthogonal experiment numerical
simulation microclimate |
