| 摘要: |
| 城市公园运动以来，美国公园体系为改善自然和人
居环境作出了重要贡献。对美国各层级公园体系的分类、管理
和规划进行系统研究发现，美国公园体系主要由“国家-州都会区-城市/郡”4个层级组成。各层级有不同的公园分类方
式和功能侧重，且管理模式有所差异。四层级公园各采取垂直
式、集权为主式、双层式和协同式管理。层级之间存在2种典
型的管理衔接合作模式：通过立法实现多方参与或分权管理；
通过财政支持和鼓励计划建立层级间合作关系。最后从建立完
善多层级公园体系、选择合适的公园体系管理方式、促进各公
园层级管理衔接与合作三方面对构建和完善中国公园体系提出
政策启示与建议。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 美国 公园体系 管理模式 非营利
组织 尺度 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Characteristics and Enlightenment of American Park System Planning and Management |
| YANG Ruyu,YANG Wenyue |
| Abstract: |
| Since the urban park movement, the American park
system has made important contributions to improving the natural
and human settlements. This paper makes a systematic study on the
classification, management and planning of the park system at all
levels in the United States. It is found that the American park system
is mainly composed of four levels: national, state, metropolitan,
and city/county. Each level has different classifications, functions
and different management models. Four level parks adopt vertical,
centralization, double-layer and collaborative management
respectively. There are two typical modes of cooperation of
management between different levels of park system: multi-party
participation or decentralized management through legislation,
and hierarchical cooperation through financial support and
incentive plan. Finally, the paper puts forward suggestions for the
construction and improvement of park system in China from three
aspects: planning, management mode and management convergence
and cooperation among different levels |
| Key words: landscape architecture United States park system management mode non-profit organization scale |
