| 摘要: |
| 随着中国经济社会的不断发展和城市化进程的快速推进，为了满足市民对美丽环境日益增长的需求，国家设计并建造了越来越多的城市公园和街头绿地。而面对我国普遍缺水的现状，科学有效地评价、设计、管理景观用水显得十分重要，但国内却鲜有对此关注。特别是园林植物养护用水，即园林植物需水量，直接关系着可持续景观建设的实现。美国加州很早开始了相关领域的研究，并将园林植物需水量评估方法强制应用于实际景观设计中，可快速量化计算设计场地未来的用水量，具有现实的借鉴和指导意义。分析了国内对于可持续景观用水的相关现状和问题，依据WUCOLS项目的研究与实践，详细介绍了美国加州现行应用于景观设计中的园林植物需水量量化评估方法，并基于某加州庭院景观设计项目展示园林植物需水量估算的实际应用，讨论美国加州园林植物需水量估算的优劣与意义，进而分析其借鉴的可能性和方法。以期在未来建立一个符合中国特色的园林植物用水量评估体系，从而推进今后的可持续景观设计与建设。 |
| 关键词: 园林植物 植物需水量 园林灌溉 水效率景观 可持续景观 |
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| Estimating Irrigation Water Needs of Landscape Plantings Based on Sustainable Landscape Design: A Case of Residential Landscape in California |
| YUAN Suyang,ZHANG Kun,WANG Xia,CHEN Susan |
| Abstract: |
| With the continuous development of economy and society and the rapid progress of urbanization in China, more and more urban parks and green open spaces are designed and constructed to meet the increasing demand of citizens for beautiful environment. Facing the reality of water shortage in China, it is very important to evaluate, design and manage landscape water scientifically and effectively, but little attention has been paid to it in China. Especially the water needs of landscape plantings, or the conservation water of landscape plants, it is directly related to the realization of sustainable landscape construction. California started the related research much early, and applied the method of water needs of landscape plantings evaluation to the actual landscape design. It can quickly quantify the future water budget of the whole site, which has practical reference value and guiding significance. In this article, the current situation and problems of sustainable landscape water use in China are analyzed, and according to the research and practice in WUCOLS program, the quantitative methods of water needs of landscape plantings evaluation and calculation in California are introduced in detail. Based on a California garden landscape design project, the practical application of water needs of landscape plantings evaluation is demonstrated. The advantages, disadvantages and significance of California case are discussed, also the possibility of reference and methods are analyzed. It is hoped that a water usage evaluation system for landscape plantings in China will be established in the future, and promote the sustainable landscape design and construction in the future. |
| Key words: landscape plant water needs landscape irrigation water efficient landscape sustainable landscape |
