| 摘要: |
| 通过对比利时运河小城达默的历史演进、形态演化
及背后作用力的分析，研究了“自下而上”和“自上而下”途
径在其中的作用方式。发现除了少数情况下发生典型的“自下
而上”或“自上而下”城市发展方式外，大多数情况存在由地
方政府执行，但反映实际使用者意志的“弱自下而上”途径，
并延伸了“自下而上”城市设计途径的内涵：包含有使用者所
构成的社区意志属性的城市发展途径。同时发现，在时间进程
中，“自下而上”的城市设计途径存在演变现象：从单纯的
基于个体生活的“强自下而上”的建设方式，逐渐转变为由自
然、经济、生活、文化等多重因素引导，并由社区管理者和市
民共同实施的“弱自下而上”的综合作用。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 历史城镇 形态演变 城市设计 “自
下而上” “自上而下” 比利时达默 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| "Bottom-up" and "Top-down" in HistoricalTown's Form Transformation—A Case Study ofDamme in Belgium |
| LIN Yan,(UK) Chris Tweed,WANG Jianguo |
| Abstract: |
| Through analysis of Damme's historical growing process,
form evolution and the dynamics, performing of "bottom-up" and
"top-down" approaches in different periods were studied. It has
been found that typical "bottom-up" or "top-down" developing way
appeared in limited situation, and in many occasions there were
"weaker bottom-up" approaches carried out by local government
that reflected the wills of users, which also contributed to extend
the meaning of "bottom-up" urban design approaches: the urban
developing approaches considering the motivation of community
formed by individuals. And "bottom-up" urban design approaches
have been transformed through time: from "stronger bottom-up"
approaches purely based on individuals' daily lives to multiple
factors (nature, economic, life and culture, etc.) leading "weaker
bottom-up" approaches carried out by both community managers
and citizens. |
| Key words: landscape architecture historical town form
transformation urban design "bottom-up" "top-down" Damme |
