| 摘要: |
| 城市自生群落具有重要的生态服务功能与潜力，但因其外貌不被公众所接受而难以在城市公共空间中应用。将群落生态学和设计学相结合，探索一种介入栽培植物对城市自生群落进行改良，最终形成具有一定美学价值的植物群落的途径。实验以植物群落设计美学原理和种间竞争原理为依据，向已经演替1年的城市自生群落中引入63种栽培植物，按照分层的方式对群落进行改良。3年的观测结果表明，有61.9%的栽培植物可以在城市自生群落中定居并建立优势，能对76.7%的自生植物起到抑制作用，使55.8%的自生植物消失。相比城市自生群落，改良后的群落美观度提高29.4%，公众接受度提高24%，群落的物种丰富度提高至2.29倍。相比一般的人工植物群落，改良后的群落可以节约58.2%的建植成本，降低83.9%的浇水成本和67.8%的除草成本。实验证明改良设计是一种可行的群落设计途径，能有效提高群落的物种丰富度和美学价值，同时让自然参与群落设计过程，实现人与自然的合作。 |
| 关键词: 园林植物 城市自生群落 群落结构 群落改良 生态设计 生境营造 |
| DOI： |
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| Let Nature Participate in Design: An Approach to Improve the Design of Urban Spontaneous Community Based on Natural Succession |
| LI Cangshuan,LIU Hui,CHENG Aiyun,TAO Jiamin,LI Yunyun |
| Abstract: |
| Urban spontaneous communities have important ecological service functions and potentials, but it is difficult to use in urban public space because its appearance is not accepted by the public. This study is based on the natural succession of urban spontaneous communities, combining community ecology with design studies, to explore an interventional plant to improve it, and ultimately to form a stable and ornamental plant community approach. Based on the principles of plant community design aesthetics and interspecific competition principles, the experiment introduced 63 species of cultivated plants to the urban spontaneous community which had been in succession for one year and improved the community in a layered manner. Three years of observations have shown that, 61.9% of the cultivated plants could settle in the urban spontaneous communities and establish their advantages, inhibit 76.7% of the spontaneous plants, and make 55.8% of community plants disappear. Compared with the urban spontaneous community, the improved community aesthetics increased by 29.4%, the public acceptance increased by 24%, and the species richness of the community increased to 2.18 times. Compared with the general artificial plant communities, the improved community can save 58.2% of the cost of planting and reduce the cost of watering by 83.9% and the cost of weeding by 67.8%. It is proved that the improved design is a feasible community design model, and at the same time, allowing nature to participate in the community design process can effectively improve the species richness and aesthetic value of the community, and realize the cooperation between human beings and nature. |
| Key words: landscape plant spontaneous urban vegetation cultivated plant community structure improvement ecological design |
